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Joel

About this book
Chapter 2

1 Blow the trumpet in Zion; sound the alarm signal on my holy mountain! Let all the inhabitants of the land shake with fear, for the day of the Lord is about to come. Indeed, it is near!⁠ 2 It will be a day of dreadful darkness, a day of foreboding storm clouds,⁠ like blackness spread over the mountains. It is a huge and powerful army—there has never been anything like it ever before, and there will not be anything like it for many generations to come!⁠ 3 Like fire they devour everything in their path; a flame blazes behind them. The land looks like the Garden of Eden before them, but behind them there is only a desolate wilderness—for nothing escapes them!⁠ 4 They look like horses; they charge ahead like war horses. 5 They sound like chariots rumbling over mountain tops, like the crackling of blazing fire consuming stubble, like the noise of a mighty army being drawn up for battle. 6 People writhe in fear when they see them. All their faces turn pale with fright.⁠ 7 They charge like warriors; they scale walls like soldiers. Each one proceeds on his course; they do not alter their path. 8 They do not jostle one another; each of them marches straight ahead. They burst through the city defenses and do not break ranks. 9 They rush into the city; they scale its walls. They climb up into the houses; they go in through the windows like a thief. 10 The earth quakes before them; the sky reverberates. The sun and the moon grow dark; the stars refuse to shine.⁠ 11 The voice of the Lord thunders as he leads his army. Indeed, his warriors are innumerable; Surely his command is carried out! Yes, the day of the Lord is great and terrible42—who⁠ can survive it? 12 “Yet even now,” the Lord says, “return to me with all your heart—with fasting, weeping, and mourning.⁠ 13 Tear your hearts, not just your garments.”⁠ Return to the Lord your God, for he is merciful and compassionate, slow to anger and boundless in loyal love—often⁠ relenting from calamitous punishment.⁠ 14 Who knows? Perhaps he will be compassionate and grant a reprieve, and leave blessing in his wake—a⁠ meal offering and a drink offering for you to offer to the Lord your God! 15 Blow the trumpet in Zion. Announce a holy fast; proclaim a sacred assembly. 16 Gather the people; sanctify an assembly! Gather the elders; gather the children and the nursing infants. Let the bridegroom come out from his bedroom and the bride from her private quarters. 17 Let the priests, those who serve the Lord, weep from the vestibule all the way back to the altar. Let them say, “Have pity, O Lord, on your people; please do not turn over your inheritance to be mocked, to become a proverb among the nations. Why should it be said among the peoples, ‘Where is their God?’”⁠ 18 Then the Lord became zealous for his land; he had compassion on his people. 19 The Lord responded to his people, “Look! I am about to restore your grain as well as fresh wine and olive oil. You will be fully satisfied. I will never again make you an object of mockery among the nations. 20 I will remove the one from the north far from you. I will drive him out to a dry and desolate place. Those in front will be driven eastward into the Dead Sea, and those in back westward into the Mediterranean Sea. His stench will rise up as a foul smell.” Indeed, the Lord has accomplished great things! 21 Do not fear, my land. Rejoice and be glad because the Lord has accomplished great things! 22 Do not fear, wild animals. For the pastures of the wilderness are again green with grass. Indeed, the trees bear their fruit; the fig tree and the vine yield to their fullest. 23 Citizens of Zion, rejoice! Be glad because of what the Lord your God has done! For he has given to you the early rains as vindication.⁠ He has sent to you the rains—both the early and the late rains as formerly. 24 The threshing floors are full of grain; the vats overflow with fresh wine and olive oil. 25 “I will make up for the years that the ‘arbeh-locust consumed your crops—the yeleq-locust, the hasil-locust, and the gazam-locust—my great army that I sent against you. 26 You will have plenty to eat, and your hunger will be fully satisfied; you will praise the name of the Lord your God, who has acted wondrously in your behalf. My people will never again be put to shame. 27 You will be convinced that I am in the midst of Israel. I am the Lord your God; there is no other. My people will never again be put to shame. 28 (3:1) “After all of this I will pour out my Spirit on all kinds of people.⁠ Your sons and daughters will prophesy. Your elderly will have prophetic dreams; your young men will see visions.⁠ 29 Even on male and female servants I will pour out my Spirit in those days. 30 I will produce portents both in the sky and on the earth—blood, fire, and columns of smoke.⁠ 31 The sunlight will be turned to darkness and the moon to the color of blood, before the day of the Lord comes—that great and terrible day! 32 It will so happen that everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be delivered. For on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there will be those who survive, just as the Lord has promised; the remnant will be those whom the Lord will call.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 13:10 and Joel 2:10

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Joel and Isaiah describe the sun, moon, and stars losing their light as divine judgment. They share a tradition of portraying judgment with imagery of darkened heavens, with Joel applying this language to Israel, while Isaiah directs it against Babylon.

Passages

Isaiah 13:10

Hebrew Bible
8 They panic—cramps and pain seize hold of them like those of a woman who is straining to give birth. They look at one another in astonishment; their faces are flushed red. 9 Look, the Lord’s day of judgment is coming; it is a day of cruelty and savage, raging anger, destroying the earth and annihilating its sinners. 10 Indeed the stars in the sky and their constellations no longer give out their light; the sun is darkened as soon as it rises, and the moon does not shine. 11 I will punish the world for its evil and wicked people for their sin. I will put an end to the pride of the insolent, I will bring down the arrogance of tyrants. 12 I will make human beings more scarce than pure gold and people more scarce than gold from Ophir.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Joel 2:10

Hebrew Bible
8 They do not jostle one another; each of them marches straight ahead. They burst through the city defenses and do not break ranks. 9 They rush into the city; they scale its walls. They climb up into the houses; they go in through the windows like a thief. 10 The earth quakes before them; the sky reverberates. The sun and the moon grow dark; the stars refuse to shine. 11 The voice of the Lord thunders as he leads his army. Indeed, his warriors are innumerable; Surely his command is carried out! Yes, the day of the Lord is great and terrible42—who can survive it? 12 “Yet even now,” the Lord says, “return to me with all your heart—with fasting, weeping, and mourning.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joel

References

"... These verses stand in a venerable tradition, one that informed the thinking of the author of such texts as Isaiah 13 and Ezekiel 32 ... The differences between Joel's formulation of theophanic occurrences and this description from Isaiah 13 are noteworthy: (1) the application of the verbs to earth and to heaven, whereas the opposite is true in Joel 2:10; (2) the verbal use in Isaiah 13:10 and its nominal form in Joel 2:10; (3) the absolute use of 'stars' in Joel, but 'stars of heaven' in Isaiah 13:10, with 'their constellations'; (4) the use of negations in Isaiah 13:10 with regard to stars and constellations and to moon, whereas Joel employs the idiom, 'gather their light,' to mean 'withdraw' with respect to stars and the verb to convey the idea that sun and moon became obscure; (5) the definite forms for 'heaven,' 'sun,' and 'earth' in Isaiah 13:10, 13 (contrast 'heaven' in 13:13 and 'moon' in 13:10), and the consistently indefinite forms in Joel 2:10; (6) Isaiah 13 addresses Babylon; Joel refers to Zion. Such stylistic affinities as the chiasmus in the sequence of subject and verb in Joel 2:10 and Isaiah 13:13 do little to alter the impression that Joel's manner of expression owes nothing to these verses from Isaiah 13, although the two authors share a common vocabulary and tradition ..."
James L. Crenshaw, Joel (New York: Doubleday, 1995), 126.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 13:10 and Joel 2:10

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