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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 13

1 This is an oracle about Babylon that Isaiah son of Amoz saw: 2 On a bare hill raise a signal flag; shout to them, wave your hand so they might enter the gates of the princes! 3 I have given orders to my chosen soldiers; I have summoned the warriors through whom I will vent my anger— my boasting, arrogant ones. 4 There is a loud noise on the mountains— it sounds like a large army! There is great commotion among the kingdoms— nations are being assembled! The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is mustering forces for battle. 5 They come from a distant land, from the horizon. It is the Lord with his instruments of judgment coming to destroy the whole earth. 6 Wail, for the Lord’s day of judgment is near; it comes with all the destructive power of the Sovereign One. 7 For this reason all hands hang limp, every human heart loses its courage. 8 They panic—cramps and pain seize hold of them like those of a woman who is straining to give birth. They look at one another in astonishment; their faces are flushed red.⁠ 9 Look, the Lord’s day of judgment is coming; it is a day of cruelty and savage, raging anger, destroying the earth and annihilating its sinners. 10 Indeed the stars in the sky and their constellations no longer give out their light; the sun is darkened as soon as it rises, and the moon does not shine.⁠ 11 I will punish the world for its evil and wicked people for their sin. I will put an end to the pride of the insolent, I will bring down the arrogance of tyrants. 12 I will make human beings more scarce than pure gold and people more scarce than gold from Ophir. 13 So I will shake the heavens, and the earth will shake loose from its foundation, because of the fury of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, in the day he vents his raging anger.⁠ 14 Like a frightened gazelle or a sheep with no shepherd, each will turn toward home, each will run to his homeland.⁠ 15 Everyone who is caught will be stabbed; everyone who is seized will die by the sword. 16 Their children will be smashed to pieces before their very eyes; their houses will be looted and their wives raped.⁠ 17 Look, I am stirring up the Medes to attack them;⁠ they are not concerned about silver, nor are they interested in gold. 18 Their arrows will cut young men to ribbons; they have no compassion on a person’s offspring; they will not look with pity on children. 19 Babylon, the most admired of kingdoms, the Chaldeans’ source of honor and pride, will be destroyed by God just as Sodom and Gomorrah were. 20 No one will live there again; no one will ever reside there again. No bedouin will camp there, no shepherds will rest their flocks there. 21 Wild animals will rest there, the ruined houses will be full of hyenas. Ostriches will live there,⁠ wild goats will skip among the ruins.⁠ 22 Wild dogs will yip in her ruined fortresses, jackals will yelp in the once-splendid palaces. Her time is almost up, her days will not be prolonged.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 13:10 and Joel 2:10

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Joel and Isaiah describe the sun, moon, and stars losing their light as divine judgment. They share a tradition of portraying judgment with imagery of darkened heavens, with Joel applying this language to Israel, while Isaiah directs it against Babylon.

Passages

Isaiah 13:10

Hebrew Bible
8 They panic—cramps and pain seize hold of them like those of a woman who is straining to give birth. They look at one another in astonishment; their faces are flushed red. 9 Look, the Lord’s day of judgment is coming; it is a day of cruelty and savage, raging anger, destroying the earth and annihilating its sinners. 10 Indeed the stars in the sky and their constellations no longer give out their light; the sun is darkened as soon as it rises, and the moon does not shine. 11 I will punish the world for its evil and wicked people for their sin. I will put an end to the pride of the insolent, I will bring down the arrogance of tyrants. 12 I will make human beings more scarce than pure gold and people more scarce than gold from Ophir.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Joel 2:10

Hebrew Bible
8 They do not jostle one another; each of them marches straight ahead. They burst through the city defenses and do not break ranks. 9 They rush into the city; they scale its walls. They climb up into the houses; they go in through the windows like a thief. 10 The earth quakes before them; the sky reverberates. The sun and the moon grow dark; the stars refuse to shine. 11 The voice of the Lord thunders as he leads his army. Indeed, his warriors are innumerable; Surely his command is carried out! Yes, the day of the Lord is great and terrible42—who can survive it? 12 “Yet even now,” the Lord says, “return to me with all your heart—with fasting, weeping, and mourning.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joel

References

"... These verses stand in a venerable tradition, one that informed the thinking of the author of such texts as Isaiah 13 and Ezekiel 32 ... The differences between Joel's formulation of theophanic occurrences and this description from Isaiah 13 are noteworthy: (1) the application of the verbs to earth and to heaven, whereas the opposite is true in Joel 2:10; (2) the verbal use in Isaiah 13:10 and its nominal form in Joel 2:10; (3) the absolute use of 'stars' in Joel, but 'stars of heaven' in Isaiah 13:10, with 'their constellations'; (4) the use of negations in Isaiah 13:10 with regard to stars and constellations and to moon, whereas Joel employs the idiom, 'gather their light,' to mean 'withdraw' with respect to stars and the verb to convey the idea that sun and moon became obscure; (5) the definite forms for 'heaven,' 'sun,' and 'earth' in Isaiah 13:10, 13 (contrast 'heaven' in 13:13 and 'moon' in 13:10), and the consistently indefinite forms in Joel 2:10; (6) Isaiah 13 addresses Babylon; Joel refers to Zion. Such stylistic affinities as the chiasmus in the sequence of subject and verb in Joel 2:10 and Isaiah 13:13 do little to alter the impression that Joel's manner of expression owes nothing to these verses from Isaiah 13, although the two authors share a common vocabulary and tradition ..."
James L. Crenshaw, Joel (New York: Doubleday, 1995), 126.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 13:10 and Joel 2:10

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