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Job

About this book
Chapter 9

1 Then Job answered: 2 “Truly, I know that this is so. But how can a human be just before God? 3 If someone wishes to contend with him, he cannot answer him one time in a thousand. 4 He is wise in heart and mighty in strength—who has resisted him and remained safe?⁠ 5 He who removes mountains suddenly, who overturns them in his anger,⁠ 6 he who shakes the earth out of its place so that its pillars tremble, 7 he who commands the sun, and it does not shine and seals up the stars, 8 he alone spreads out the heavens⁠ and treads on the waves of the sea.⁠ 9 He makes the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades,⁠ and the constellations of the southern sky;⁠ 10 he does great and unsearchable things, and wonderful things without number. 11 If he passes by me, I cannot see him; if he goes by, I cannot perceive him. 12 If he snatches away, who can turn him back? Who dares to say to him, ‘What are you doing?’⁠ 13 God does not restrain his anger; under him the helpers of Rahab lie crushed. 14 “How much less, then, can I answer him and choose my words to argue with him. 15 Although I am innocent, I could not answer him; I could only plead with my judge for mercy. 16 If I summoned him and he answered me, I would not believe that he would be listening to my voice— 17 he who crushes me with a tempest and multiplies my wounds for no reason. 18 He does not allow me to recover my breath, for he fills me with bitterness. 19 If it is a matter of strength, most certainly he is the strong one! And if it is a matter of justice, he will say, ‘Who will summon me?’ 20 Although I am innocent, my mouth would condemn me; although I am blameless, it would declare me perverse. 21 I am blameless. I do not know myself. I despise my life. 22 “It is all one! That is why I say, ‘He destroys the blameless and the guilty.’ 23 If a scourge brings sudden death, he mocks at the despair of the innocent. 24 If a land has been given into the hand of a wicked man, he covers the faces of its judges; if it is not he, then who is it? 25 “My days are swifter than a runner, they speed by without seeing happiness. 26 They glide by like reed boats, like an eagle that swoops down on its prey. 27 If I say, ‘I will forget my complaint, I will change my expression and be cheerful,’ 28 I dread all my sufferings, for I know that you do not hold me blameless. 29 If I am guilty, why then weary myself in vain? 30 If I wash myself with snow-melt water and make my hands clean with lye, 31 then you plunge me into a slimy pit and my own clothes abhor me. 32 For he is not a human being like I am, that I might answer him, that we might come together in judgment. 33 Nor is there an arbiter between us, who might lay his hand on us both, 34 who would take his rod away from me so that his terror would not make me afraid. 35 Then would I speak and not fear him, but it is not so with me.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 44:24 and Job 9:8

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah 44 portrays God stretching out the sky like a fabric and forming the earth, following ancient Near Eastern cosmology where the heavens were viewed as a solid dome spread over the world. Job echoes this same description, highlighting divine power.

Passages

Isaiah 44:24

Hebrew Bible
23 Shout for joy, O sky, for the Lord intervenes; shout out, you subterranean regions of the earth. O mountains, give a joyful shout; you too, O forest and all your trees! For the Lord protects Jacob; he reveals his splendor through Israel. 24 This is what the Lord, your Protector, says, the one who formed you in the womb: “I am the Lord, who made everything, who alone stretched out the sky, who fashioned the earth all by myself, 25 who frustrates the omens of the empty talkers and humiliates the omen readers, who overturns the counsel of the wise men and makes their advice seem foolish, 26 who fulfills the oracles of his prophetic servants and brings to pass the announcements of his messengers, who says about Jerusalem, ‘She will be inhabited,’ and about the towns of Judah, ‘They will be rebuilt, her ruins I will raise up,’
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Job 9:8

Hebrew Bible
6 he who shakes the earth out of its place so that its pillars tremble, 7 he who commands the sun, and it does not shine and seals up the stars, 8 he alone spreads out the heavens and treads on the waves of the sea. 9 He makes the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades, and the constellations of the southern sky; 10 he does great and unsearchable things, and wonderful things without number.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... This same dialogical interpretation occurs in allusions to other psalms in Job, as well as to Isaiah 40–55, though with this text the technique is not quite as pronounced. Here, briefly, are four examples. These possible allusions are not the strongest between the two texts, and, in fact, it must be admitted that they could be coincidental or even shared references to a common source. However, if one concedes that Job is alluding to Isaiah 40–55 in the stronger cases (e.g. Job 12:9 / Isaiah 41:20 and the group of parallels concentrated in Job 9:2–12 ... Job 9:4, Isaiah 40:26; Job 9:8, Isaiah 44:24; Job 9:10, Isaiah 40:28; Job 9:12, Isaiah 34:13), as does even Brinks-Rea, who believes such claims are often exaggerated, then the Job poet’s evident knowledge of some form of Isaiah 40–55 legitimates the search for further allusions which may be weaker. As Robert Alter observes, “allusions often radiate out to contiguous allusions.” ..."
Will Kynes, “Job and Isaiah 40-55: Intertextualities in Dialogue,” in Reading Job Intertextually, ed. Katharine Dell and Will Kynes (New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2013), 94–105.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 44:24 and Job 9:8

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