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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 44

1 “Now, listen, Jacob my servant, Israel whom I have chosen!” 2 This is what the Lord, the one who made you, says—the one who formed you in the womb and helps you: “Don’t be afraid, my servant Jacob, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen. 3 For I will pour water on the parched ground and cause streams to flow on the dry land. I will pour my Spirit on your offspring and my blessing on your children. 4 They will sprout up like a tree in the grass, like poplars beside channels of water. 5 One will say, ‘I belong to the Lord,’ and another will use the name ‘Jacob.’ One will write on his hand, ‘The Lord’s,’ and use the name ‘Israel.’”⁠ 6 This is what the Lord, Israel’s King, says, their Protector, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies: “I am the first and I am the last, there is no God but me.⁠ 7 Who is like me? Let him make his claim! Let him announce it and explain it to me—since I established an ancient people— let them announce future events. 8 Don’t panic! Don’t be afraid! Did I not tell you beforehand and decree it? You are my witnesses! Is there any God but me? There is no other sheltering rock; I know of none. 9 All who form idols are nothing; the things in which they delight are worthless. Their witnesses cannot see; they recognize nothing, so they are put to shame.⁠ 10 Who forms a god and casts an idol that will prove worthless? 11 Look, all his associates will be put to shame; the craftsmen are mere humans. Let them all assemble and take their stand. They will panic and be put to shame. 12 A blacksmith works with his tool and forges metal over the coals.⁠ He forms it with hammers; he makes it with his strong arm. He gets hungry and loses his energy; he drinks no water and gets tired. 13 A carpenter takes measurements; he marks out an outline of its form; he scrapes it with chisels and marks it with a compass. He patterns it after the human form, like a well-built human being, and puts it in a shrine. 14 He cuts down cedars and acquires a cypress or an oak. He gets trees from the forest; he plants a cedar and the rain makes it grow.⁠ 15 A man uses it to make a fire; he takes some of it and warms himself. Yes, he kindles a fire and bakes bread. Then he makes a god and worships it; he makes an idol and bows down to it. 16 Half of it he burns in the fire—over that half he cooks meat;⁠ he roasts a meal and fills himself. Yes, he warms himself and says, ‘Ah! I am warm as I look at the fire.’ 17 With the rest of it he makes a god, his idol; he bows down to it and worships it. He prays to it, saying, ‘Rescue me, for you are my god!’ 18 They do not comprehend or understand, for their eyes are blind and cannot see; their minds do not discern. 19 No one thinks to himself, nor do they comprehend or understand and say to themselves: ‘I burned half of it in the fire—yes, I baked bread over the coals; I roasted meat and ate it. With the rest of it should I make a disgusting idol? Should I bow down to dry wood?’ 20 He feeds on ashes; his deceived mind misleads him. He cannot rescue himself, nor does he say, ‘Is this not a false god I hold in my right hand?’ 21 Remember these things, O Jacob, O Israel, for you are my servant. I formed you to be my servant; O Israel, I will not forget you!⁠ 22 I remove the guilt of your rebellious deeds as if they were a cloud, the guilt of your sins as if they were a cloud. Come back to me, for I protect you.” 23 Shout for joy, O sky, for the Lord intervenes; shout out, you subterranean regions of the earth. O mountains, give a joyful shout; you too, O forest and all your trees! For the Lord protects Jacob; he reveals his splendor through Israel. 24 This is what the Lord, your Protector, says, the one who formed you in the womb: “I am the Lord, who made everything, who alone stretched out the sky,⁠ who fashioned the earth all by myself,⁠ 25 who frustrates the omens of the empty talkers and humiliates the omen readers, who overturns the counsel of the wise men and makes their advice seem foolish, 26 who fulfills the oracles of his prophetic servants and brings to pass the announcements of his messengers, who says about Jerusalem, ‘She will be inhabited,’ and about the towns of Judah, ‘They will be rebuilt, her ruins I will raise up,’ 27 who says to the deep sea, ‘Be dry! I will dry up your sea currents,’⁠ 28 who commissions Cyrus, the one I appointed as shepherd to carry out all my wishes and to decree concerning Jerusalem, ‘She will be rebuilt,’⁠ and concerning the temple, ‘It will be reconstructed.’⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 44:24 and Job 9:8

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah 44 portrays God stretching out the sky like a fabric and forming the earth, following ancient Near Eastern cosmology where the heavens were viewed as a solid dome spread over the world. Job echoes this same description, highlighting divine power.

Passages

Isaiah 44:24

Hebrew Bible
23 Shout for joy, O sky, for the Lord intervenes; shout out, you subterranean regions of the earth. O mountains, give a joyful shout; you too, O forest and all your trees! For the Lord protects Jacob; he reveals his splendor through Israel. 24 This is what the Lord, your Protector, says, the one who formed you in the womb: “I am the Lord, who made everything, who alone stretched out the sky, who fashioned the earth all by myself, 25 who frustrates the omens of the empty talkers and humiliates the omen readers, who overturns the counsel of the wise men and makes their advice seem foolish, 26 who fulfills the oracles of his prophetic servants and brings to pass the announcements of his messengers, who says about Jerusalem, ‘She will be inhabited,’ and about the towns of Judah, ‘They will be rebuilt, her ruins I will raise up,’
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Job 9:8

Hebrew Bible
6 he who shakes the earth out of its place so that its pillars tremble, 7 he who commands the sun, and it does not shine and seals up the stars, 8 he alone spreads out the heavens and treads on the waves of the sea. 9 He makes the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades, and the constellations of the southern sky; 10 he does great and unsearchable things, and wonderful things without number.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... This same dialogical interpretation occurs in allusions to other psalms in Job, as well as to Isaiah 40–55, though with this text the technique is not quite as pronounced. Here, briefly, are four examples. These possible allusions are not the strongest between the two texts, and, in fact, it must be admitted that they could be coincidental or even shared references to a common source. However, if one concedes that Job is alluding to Isaiah 40–55 in the stronger cases (e.g. Job 12:9 / Isaiah 41:20 and the group of parallels concentrated in Job 9:2–12 ... Job 9:4, Isaiah 40:26; Job 9:8, Isaiah 44:24; Job 9:10, Isaiah 40:28; Job 9:12, Isaiah 34:13), as does even Brinks-Rea, who believes such claims are often exaggerated, then the Job poet’s evident knowledge of some form of Isaiah 40–55 legitimates the search for further allusions which may be weaker. As Robert Alter observes, “allusions often radiate out to contiguous allusions.” ..."
Will Kynes, “Job and Isaiah 40-55: Intertextualities in Dialogue,” in Reading Job Intertextually, ed. Katharine Dell and Will Kynes (New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2013), 94–105.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 44:24 and Job 9:8

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