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Job

About this book
Chapter 9

1 Then Job answered: 2 “Truly, I know that this is so. But how can a human be just before God? 3 If someone wishes to contend with him, he cannot answer him one time in a thousand. 4 He is wise in heart and mighty in strength—who has resisted him and remained safe?⁠ 5 He who removes mountains suddenly, who overturns them in his anger,⁠ 6 he who shakes the earth out of its place so that its pillars tremble, 7 he who commands the sun, and it does not shine and seals up the stars, 8 he alone spreads out the heavens⁠ and treads on the waves of the sea.⁠ 9 He makes the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades,⁠ and the constellations of the southern sky;⁠ 10 he does great and unsearchable things, and wonderful things without number. 11 If he passes by me, I cannot see him; if he goes by, I cannot perceive him. 12 If he snatches away, who can turn him back? Who dares to say to him, ‘What are you doing?’⁠ 13 God does not restrain his anger; under him the helpers of Rahab lie crushed. 14 “How much less, then, can I answer him and choose my words to argue with him. 15 Although I am innocent, I could not answer him; I could only plead with my judge for mercy. 16 If I summoned him and he answered me, I would not believe that he would be listening to my voice— 17 he who crushes me with a tempest and multiplies my wounds for no reason. 18 He does not allow me to recover my breath, for he fills me with bitterness. 19 If it is a matter of strength, most certainly he is the strong one! And if it is a matter of justice, he will say, ‘Who will summon me?’ 20 Although I am innocent, my mouth would condemn me; although I am blameless, it would declare me perverse. 21 I am blameless. I do not know myself. I despise my life. 22 “It is all one! That is why I say, ‘He destroys the blameless and the guilty.’ 23 If a scourge brings sudden death, he mocks at the despair of the innocent. 24 If a land has been given into the hand of a wicked man, he covers the faces of its judges; if it is not he, then who is it? 25 “My days are swifter than a runner, they speed by without seeing happiness. 26 They glide by like reed boats, like an eagle that swoops down on its prey. 27 If I say, ‘I will forget my complaint, I will change my expression and be cheerful,’ 28 I dread all my sufferings, for I know that you do not hold me blameless. 29 If I am guilty, why then weary myself in vain? 30 If I wash myself with snow-melt water and make my hands clean with lye, 31 then you plunge me into a slimy pit and my own clothes abhor me. 32 For he is not a human being like I am, that I might answer him, that we might come together in judgment. 33 Nor is there an arbiter between us, who might lay his hand on us both, 34 who would take his rod away from me so that his terror would not make me afraid. 35 Then would I speak and not fear him, but it is not so with me.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 45:9 and Job 9:12

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah 45 uses clay challenging the potter to challenge those who question the creator. Job uses similar language as lament, asking who can stop God or question his actions, turning Isaiah's call for trust into protest.

Passages

Isaiah 45:9

Hebrew Bible
7 I am the one who forms light and creates darkness; the one who brings about peace and creates calamity. I am the Lord, who accomplishes all these things. 8 O sky, rain down from above! Let the clouds send down showers of deliverance! Let the earth absorb it so salvation may grow and deliverance may sprout up along with it. I, the Lord, create it.’” 9 One who argues with his Creator is in grave danger, one who is like a mere shard among the other shards on the ground! The clay should not say to the potter, “What in the world are you doing? Your work lacks skill!” 10 Danger awaits one who says to his father, “What in the world are you fathering?” and to his mother, “What in the world are you bringing forth?” 11 This is what the Lord says, the Holy One of Israel, the one who formed him, concerning things to come: “How dare you question me about my children! How dare you tell me what to do with the work of my own hands!
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Job 9:12

Hebrew Bible
10 he does great and unsearchable things, and wonderful things without number. 11 If he passes by me, I cannot see him; if he goes by, I cannot perceive him. 12 If he snatches away, who can turn him back? Who dares to say to him, ‘What are you doing?’ 13 God does not restrain his anger; under him the helpers of Rahab lie crushed. 14 “How much less, then, can I answer him and choose my words to argue with him.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... Job, continuing to lament God’s transcendent imperviousness to complaint in chapter 9, says, “He snatches away; who can stop him? Who will say to him, ‘What are you doing?’” (9:12). The first of Job’s questions appears in Isaiah 43:13 and the second in Isaiah 45:9. Terrien does not address the former parallel, but he notes that Job, by denying the second question (“What are you doing?”) evidently considers inquiring into God’s behavior futile, as he here associates God’s transcendence with malevolence. However, in Isaiah 45:9, Terrien claims, the question is considered legitimate as an inquiry into the highly moral quality of God’s providence with respect to the nations. But if the intent of Isaiah 45:9 is to inspire trust in God, an allusion to Job’s complaint is an inappropriate resource. Through parodying this verse, however, Job would display the ambiguity of human inability to question God and entreat the deity to turn his oppression to the type of comfort promised to Israel in Isaiah 40–55 ..."
Will Kynes, “Job and Isaiah 40-55: Intertextualities in Dialogue,” in Reading Job Intertextually, ed. Katharine Dell and Will Kynes (New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2013), 94–105.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 45:9 and Job 9:12

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