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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 45

1 “This is what the Lord says to his chosen one, to Cyrus, whose right hand I hold in order to subdue nations before him, and disarm kings,⁠ to open doors before him so gates remain unclosed:⁠ 2 ‘I will go before you and level mountains. Bronze doors I will shatter and iron bars I will hack through. 3 I will give you hidden treasures, riches stashed away in secret places, so you may recognize that I am the Lord, the one who calls you by name, the God of Israel. 4 For the sake of my servant Jacob, Israel, my chosen one, I call you by name and give you a title of respect, even though you do not submit to me. 5 I am the Lord, I have no peer, there is no God but me. I arm you for battle, even though you do not recognize me. 6 I do this so people will recognize from east to west that there is no God but me;⁠ I am the Lord, I have no peer. 7 I am the one who forms light and creates darkness; the one who brings about peace and creates calamity. I am the Lord, who accomplishes all these things. 8 O sky, rain down from above! Let the clouds send down showers of deliverance! Let the earth absorb it so salvation may grow and deliverance may sprout up along with it. I, the Lord, create it.’” 9 One who argues with his Creator is in grave danger, one who is like a mere shard among the other shards on the ground! The clay should not say to the potter, “What in the world are you doing? Your work lacks skill!”⁠ 10 Danger awaits one who says to his father, “What in the world are you fathering?” and to his mother, “What in the world are you bringing forth?” 11 This is what the Lord says, the Holy One of Israel, the one who formed him, concerning things to come: “How dare you question me about my children! How dare you tell me what to do with the work of my own hands! 12 I made the earth; I created the people who live on it. It was me—my hands stretched out the sky. I give orders to all the heavenly lights.⁠ 13 It is me—I stir him up and commission him; I will make all his ways level. He will rebuild my city; he will send my exiled people home, but not for a price or a bribe, ”says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 14 This is what the Lord says: “The profit of Egypt and the revenue of Ethiopia, along with the Sabeans, those tall men, will be brought to you and become yours. They will walk behind you, coming along in chains. They will bow down to you and pray to you: ‘Truly God is with you; he has no peer; there is no other God!’” 15 Yes, you are a God who keeps hidden, O God of Israel, deliverer! 16 They will all be ashamed and embarrassed; those who fashion idols will all be humiliated. 17 Israel will be delivered once and for all by the Lord; you will never again be ashamed or humiliated. 18 For this is what the Lord says, the one who created the sky— he is the true God, the one who formed the earth and made it; he established it, he did not create it without order, he formed it to be inhabited:⁠ “I am the Lord, I have no peer. 19 I have not spoken in secret, in some hidden place. I did not tell Jacob’s descendants, ‘Seek me in vain!’ I am the Lord, the one who speaks honestly, who makes reliable announcements.⁠ 20 Gather together and come! Approach together, you refugees from the nations. Those who carry wooden idols know nothing, those who pray to a god that cannot deliver.⁠ 21 Tell me! Present the evidence! Let them consult with one another. Who predicted this in the past? Who announced it beforehand? Was it not I, the Lord? I have no peer, there is no God but me, a God who vindicates and delivers; there is none but me. 22 Turn to me so you can be delivered, all you who live in the earth’s remote regions! For I am God, and I have no peer. 23 I solemnly make this oath—what I say is true and reliable: ‘Surely every knee will bow to me, every tongue will solemnly affirm; 24 they will say about me, “Yes, the Lord is a powerful deliverer.”’” All who are angry at him will cower before him.⁠ 25 All the descendants of Israel will be vindicated by the Lord and will boast in him.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 45:9 and Job 9:12

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah 45 uses clay challenging the potter to challenge those who question the creator. Job uses similar language as lament, asking who can stop God or question his actions, turning Isaiah's call for trust into protest.

Passages

Isaiah 45:9

Hebrew Bible
7 I am the one who forms light and creates darkness; the one who brings about peace and creates calamity. I am the Lord, who accomplishes all these things. 8 O sky, rain down from above! Let the clouds send down showers of deliverance! Let the earth absorb it so salvation may grow and deliverance may sprout up along with it. I, the Lord, create it.’” 9 One who argues with his Creator is in grave danger, one who is like a mere shard among the other shards on the ground! The clay should not say to the potter, “What in the world are you doing? Your work lacks skill!” 10 Danger awaits one who says to his father, “What in the world are you fathering?” and to his mother, “What in the world are you bringing forth?” 11 This is what the Lord says, the Holy One of Israel, the one who formed him, concerning things to come: “How dare you question me about my children! How dare you tell me what to do with the work of my own hands!
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Job 9:12

Hebrew Bible
10 he does great and unsearchable things, and wonderful things without number. 11 If he passes by me, I cannot see him; if he goes by, I cannot perceive him. 12 If he snatches away, who can turn him back? Who dares to say to him, ‘What are you doing?’ 13 God does not restrain his anger; under him the helpers of Rahab lie crushed. 14 “How much less, then, can I answer him and choose my words to argue with him.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... Job, continuing to lament God’s transcendent imperviousness to complaint in chapter 9, says, “He snatches away; who can stop him? Who will say to him, ‘What are you doing?’” (9:12). The first of Job’s questions appears in Isaiah 43:13 and the second in Isaiah 45:9. Terrien does not address the former parallel, but he notes that Job, by denying the second question (“What are you doing?”) evidently considers inquiring into God’s behavior futile, as he here associates God’s transcendence with malevolence. However, in Isaiah 45:9, Terrien claims, the question is considered legitimate as an inquiry into the highly moral quality of God’s providence with respect to the nations. But if the intent of Isaiah 45:9 is to inspire trust in God, an allusion to Job’s complaint is an inappropriate resource. Through parodying this verse, however, Job would display the ambiguity of human inability to question God and entreat the deity to turn his oppression to the type of comfort promised to Israel in Isaiah 40–55 ..."
Will Kynes, “Job and Isaiah 40-55: Intertextualities in Dialogue,” in Reading Job Intertextually, ed. Katharine Dell and Will Kynes (New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2013), 94–105.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 45:9 and Job 9:12

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