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About this book

Job

About this book
Chapter 9

1 Then Job answered: 2 “Truly, I know that this is so. But how can a human be just before God? 3 If someone wishes to contend with him, he cannot answer him one time in a thousand. 4 He is wise in heart and mighty in strength—who has resisted him and remained safe?⁠ 5 He who removes mountains suddenly, who overturns them in his anger,⁠ 6 he who shakes the earth out of its place so that its pillars tremble, 7 he who commands the sun, and it does not shine and seals up the stars, 8 he alone spreads out the heavens⁠ and treads on the waves of the sea.⁠ 9 He makes the Bear, Orion, and the Pleiades,⁠ and the constellations of the southern sky;⁠ 10 he does great and unsearchable things, and wonderful things without number. 11 If he passes by me, I cannot see him; if he goes by, I cannot perceive him. 12 If he snatches away, who can turn him back? Who dares to say to him, ‘What are you doing?’⁠ 13 God does not restrain his anger; under him the helpers of Rahab lie crushed. 14 “How much less, then, can I answer him and choose my words to argue with him. 15 Although I am innocent, I could not answer him; I could only plead with my judge for mercy. 16 If I summoned him and he answered me, I would not believe that he would be listening to my voice— 17 he who crushes me with a tempest and multiplies my wounds for no reason. 18 He does not allow me to recover my breath, for he fills me with bitterness. 19 If it is a matter of strength, most certainly he is the strong one! And if it is a matter of justice, he will say, ‘Who will summon me?’ 20 Although I am innocent, my mouth would condemn me; although I am blameless, it would declare me perverse. 21 I am blameless. I do not know myself. I despise my life. 22 “It is all one! That is why I say, ‘He destroys the blameless and the guilty.’ 23 If a scourge brings sudden death, he mocks at the despair of the innocent. 24 If a land has been given into the hand of a wicked man, he covers the faces of its judges; if it is not he, then who is it? 25 “My days are swifter than a runner, they speed by without seeing happiness. 26 They glide by like reed boats, like an eagle that swoops down on its prey. 27 If I say, ‘I will forget my complaint, I will change my expression and be cheerful,’ 28 I dread all my sufferings, for I know that you do not hold me blameless. 29 If I am guilty, why then weary myself in vain? 30 If I wash myself with snow-melt water and make my hands clean with lye, 31 then you plunge me into a slimy pit and my own clothes abhor me. 32 For he is not a human being like I am, that I might answer him, that we might come together in judgment. 33 Nor is there an arbiter between us, who might lay his hand on us both, 34 who would take his rod away from me so that his terror would not make me afraid. 35 Then would I speak and not fear him, but it is not so with me.

Texts in conversation

Compare Job 9:12 and Ecclesiastes 8:4

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Job asks who can resist God, insisting no one can challenge him, asking, “What are you doing?” Ecclesiastes applies it to the authority of a king, saying no one may question a ruler’s command, highlighting how the language isn't strictly theological.

Passages

Job 9:12

Hebrew Bible
10 he does great and unsearchable things, and wonderful things without number. 11 If he passes by me, I cannot see him; if he goes by, I cannot perceive him. 12 If he snatches away, who can turn him back? Who dares to say to him, ‘What are you doing?’ 13 God does not restrain his anger; under him the helpers of Rahab lie crushed. 14 “How much less, then, can I answer him and choose my words to argue with him.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

Ecclesiastes 8:4

Hebrew Bible
2 Obey the king’s command, because you took an oath before God to be loyal to him. 3 Do not rush out of the king’s presence in haste—do not delay when the matter is unpleasant, for he can do whatever he pleases. 4 Surely the king’s authority is absolute; no one can say to him, “What are you doing?” 5 Whoever obeys his command will not experience harm, and a wise person knows the proper time and procedure. 6 For there is a proper time and procedure for every matter, for the oppression of the king is severe upon his victim.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ecclesiastes

References

"... Is this merely a proverbial expression, as Dhorme claims? Although the interrogative particle “what” is followed directly by some form of the verb “do” 74 times in the Hebrew Bible, only six times does it occur with the second masculine imperfect verbal form (Joshua 7:9; Job 9:12; 35:6; Proverbs 25:8; Ecclesiastes 8:4; Isaiah 45:9), and only Job 9:12 / Ecclesiastes 8:4 and Isaiah 45:9 (“Does the clay say to the one who fashions it, ‘What are you making’? or ‘Your work has no handles’?”) are formulated as a question in addition to being preceded by a question. Job 9:12 / Ecclesiastes 8:4 are striking in that, in both texts, the basic question is preceded by an almost identical question. Given the fact that four of the five words in this phrase as well as the syntax are identical, with the only difference being an interchangeable preposition ... It is worth noting here that, although these two texts have different referents — God in Job and the ruler in Ecclesiastes—they represent the two most powerful authorities operating on earth. Job 9:12, in effect, summarizes Job’s emphasis in chapter 9 on one’s utter inability to contend with or resist God’s actions. Though focusing on the “power differential” (verse 19: “If it is a contest of strength, he is the strong one!”), Job’s question may also reflect God’s “knowledge differential” (“He is wise in heart, and mighty in strength” [Job 9:4]; “How then can I answer him, choosing my words with him?” [Job 9:14]), anticipating developments later in the book. Either way, the futility of Job’s efforts is highlighted ..."
Richard L. Schultz, “Job and Ecclesiastes: Intertextuality and a Protesting Pair,” in Reading Job Intertextually, ed. Katharine Dell and Will Kynes (New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2013), 190–203.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 9:12 and Ecclesiastes 8:4

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