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About this book

Ecclesiastes

About this book
Chapter 8

1 Who is a wise person? Who knows the solution to a problem? A person’s wisdom brightens his appearance and softens his harsh countenance. 2 Obey the king’s command, because you took an oath before God to be loyal to him. 3 Do not rush out of the king’s presence in haste—do not delay when the matter is unpleasant, for he can do whatever he pleases. 4 Surely the king’s authority is absolute; no one can say to him, “What are you doing?”⁠ 5 Whoever obeys his command will not experience harm, and a wise person knows the proper time and procedure. 6 For there is a proper time and procedure for every matter, for the oppression of the king is severe upon his victim. 7 Surely no one knows the future, and no one can tell another person what will happen. 8 Just as no one has power over the wind to restrain it, so no one has power over the day of his death. Just as no one can be discharged during the battle, so wickedness cannot rescue the wicked. 9 While applying my mind to everything that happens in this world, I have seen all this: Sometimes one person dominates other people to their harm. 10 Not only that, but I have seen the wicked approaching and entering the temple,⁠ and as they left the holy temple, they boasted in the city that they had done so. This also is an enigma. 11 When a sentence is not executed at once against a crime, the human heart is full to do evil.47⁠ 12 Even though a sinner might commit a hundred crimes and still live a long time, yet I know that it will go well with God-fearing people—for they stand in fear before him.⁠ 13 But it will not go well with the wicked, nor will they prolong their days like a shadow, because they do not stand in fear before God. 14 Here is another enigma that occurs on earth: Sometimes there are righteous people who get what the wicked deserve, and sometimes there are wicked people who get what the righteous deserve.⁠ I said, “This also is an enigma.” 15 So I recommend the enjoyment of life, for there is nothing better on earth for a person to do except to eat, drink, and enjoy life.⁠ So joy will accompany him in his toil during the days of his life that God gives him on earth. 16 When I tried to gain wisdom and to observe the activity on earth—even though it prevents anyone from sleeping day or night— 17 then I discerned all that God has done: No one really comprehends what happens on earth. Despite all human efforts to discover it, no one can ever grasp it. Even if a wise person claimed that he understood, he would not really comprehend it.

Texts in conversation

Compare Job 9:12 and Ecclesiastes 8:4

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Job asks who can resist God, insisting no one can challenge him, asking, “What are you doing?” Ecclesiastes applies it to the authority of a king, saying no one may question a ruler’s command, highlighting how the language isn't strictly theological.

Passages

Job 9:12

Hebrew Bible
10 he does great and unsearchable things, and wonderful things without number. 11 If he passes by me, I cannot see him; if he goes by, I cannot perceive him. 12 If he snatches away, who can turn him back? Who dares to say to him, ‘What are you doing?’ 13 God does not restrain his anger; under him the helpers of Rahab lie crushed. 14 “How much less, then, can I answer him and choose my words to argue with him.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

Ecclesiastes 8:4

Hebrew Bible
2 Obey the king’s command, because you took an oath before God to be loyal to him. 3 Do not rush out of the king’s presence in haste—do not delay when the matter is unpleasant, for he can do whatever he pleases. 4 Surely the king’s authority is absolute; no one can say to him, “What are you doing?” 5 Whoever obeys his command will not experience harm, and a wise person knows the proper time and procedure. 6 For there is a proper time and procedure for every matter, for the oppression of the king is severe upon his victim.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ecclesiastes

References

"... Is this merely a proverbial expression, as Dhorme claims? Although the interrogative particle “what” is followed directly by some form of the verb “do” 74 times in the Hebrew Bible, only six times does it occur with the second masculine imperfect verbal form (Joshua 7:9; Job 9:12; 35:6; Proverbs 25:8; Ecclesiastes 8:4; Isaiah 45:9), and only Job 9:12 / Ecclesiastes 8:4 and Isaiah 45:9 (“Does the clay say to the one who fashions it, ‘What are you making’? or ‘Your work has no handles’?”) are formulated as a question in addition to being preceded by a question. Job 9:12 / Ecclesiastes 8:4 are striking in that, in both texts, the basic question is preceded by an almost identical question. Given the fact that four of the five words in this phrase as well as the syntax are identical, with the only difference being an interchangeable preposition ... It is worth noting here that, although these two texts have different referents — God in Job and the ruler in Ecclesiastes—they represent the two most powerful authorities operating on earth. Job 9:12, in effect, summarizes Job’s emphasis in chapter 9 on one’s utter inability to contend with or resist God’s actions. Though focusing on the “power differential” (verse 19: “If it is a contest of strength, he is the strong one!”), Job’s question may also reflect God’s “knowledge differential” (“He is wise in heart, and mighty in strength” [Job 9:4]; “How then can I answer him, choosing my words with him?” [Job 9:14]), anticipating developments later in the book. Either way, the futility of Job’s efforts is highlighted ..."
Richard L. Schultz, “Job and Ecclesiastes: Intertextuality and a Protesting Pair,” in Reading Job Intertextually, ed. Katharine Dell and Will Kynes (New York: Bloomsbury T&T Clark, 2013), 190–203.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Job 9:12 and Ecclesiastes 8:4

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