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Job

About this book
Chapter 28

1 “Surely there is a mine for silver and a place where gold is refined. 2 Iron is taken from the ground, and rock is poured out as copper. 3 Man puts an end to the darkness; he searches the farthest recesses for the ore in the deepest darkness. 4 Far from where people live he sinks a shaft, in places travelers have long forgotten, far from other people he dangles and sways. 5 The earth, from which food comes, is overturned below as though by fire; 6 a place whose stones are sapphires that contain dust of gold; 7 a hidden path no bird of prey knows—no falcon’s eye has spotted it. 8 Proud beasts have not set foot on it, and no lion has passed along it. 9 On the flinty rock man has set to work with his hand; he has overturned mountains at their bases. 10 He has cut out channels through the rocks; his eyes have spotted every precious thing. 11 He has searched the sources of the rivers, and what was hidden he has brought into the light. 12 “But wisdom—where can it be found? Where is the place of understanding? 13 Mankind does not know its place; it cannot be found in the land of the living. 14 The deep says, ‘It is not with me.’ And the sea says, ‘It is not with me.’ 15 Fine gold cannot be given in exchange for it, nor can its price be weighed out in silver. 16 It cannot be measured out for purchase with the gold of Ophir, with precious onyx or sapphires. 17 Neither gold nor crystal can be compared with it, nor can a vase of gold match its worth. 18 Of coral and jasper no mention will be made; the price of wisdom is more than pearls.⁠ 19 The topaz of Cush cannot be compared with it; it cannot be purchased with pure gold. 20 “But wisdom—where does it come from?⁠ Where is the place of understanding? 21 For it has been hidden from the eyes of every living creature, and from the birds of the sky it has been concealed. 22 Abaddon and Death say, ‘With our ears we have heard a rumor about where it can be found.’⁠ 23 God understands the way to it, and he alone knows its place. 24 For he looks to the ends of the earth and observes everything under the heavens.⁠ 25 When he made the force of the wind and measured the waters with a gauge, 26 when he imposed a limit for the rain, and a path for the thunderstorm, 27 then he looked at wisdom and assessed its value; he established it and examined it closely. 28 And he said to mankind, ‘The fear of the Lord—that is wisdom, and to turn away from evil is understanding.’”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Proverbs 1:7 and Job 28:28

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Job and Proverbs share an ancient Near Eastern wisdom pattern that links knowledge with reverence and order. Proverbs treats wisdom as something people can learn and observe. Job pushes back, portraying wisdom as hidden and beyond human reach.

Passages

Proverbs 1:7

Hebrew Bible
5 (Let the wise also hear and gain instruction, and let the discerning acquire guidance!) 6 To discern the meaning of a proverb and a parable, the sayings of the wise and their riddles. 7 Fearing the Lord is the beginning of discernment, but fools have despised wisdom and moral instruction. 8 Listen, my child, to the instruction from your father, and do not forsake the teaching from your mother. 9 For they will be like an elegant garland on your head, and like pendants around your neck.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Proverbs

Job 28:28

Hebrew Bible
25 When he made the force of the wind and measured the waters with a gauge, 26 when he imposed a limit for the rain, and a path for the thunderstorm, 27 then he looked at wisdom and assessed its value; he established it and examined it closely. 28 And he said to mankind, ‘The fear of the Lord—that is wisdom, and to turn away from evil is understanding.’”
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... The Wisdom Speech (Job 28) certainly fits with the style of much of the Joban poet(s). It contains the same penchant for the obscure and esoteric that marks much of the dialogue. However, the words of the Wisdom Speech seem to be out of place on the lips of the suffering Job. The Wisdom Speech harmonizes with the larger corpus of wisdom literature in its conclusion that (“The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom” [Job 28:28]). Proverbs affirms the same type of orthodoxy (Prov 1:7). Yet the character Job has served as an anti-wisdom until Job 26. Job specifically contradicts Bildad and Proverbs 13:9 (Job 21:17). It seems bizarre that Job would radically change his argument so quickly, yet revert to his original argument in the subsequent chapters (Job 29–31) ..."
James Kipp Swinney, “Intertextual Discourse and the Problem of God: The Intersection of the Speeches of Job and Deuteronomy” (MA diss., Abilene Christian University, 2016), 23.
"... The discourse ends in Job 28:28 with the assertion drawn from Proverbs 1:7, “The fear of YHWH is wisdom, to shun evil is understanding.” The intertextual allusion to Proverbs heightens the contrast between Job and Proverbs. Although Proverbs points to some difficulty or effort in the quest to obtain wisdom, Proverbs by and large presents a model in which human beings may learn wisdom by studying elements and aspects of creation insofar as G-d created the world on the basis of wisdom. Job by contrast maintains that such knowledge is not available to human observation and reflection ..."
Marvin A. Sweeney, Tanak: A Theological and Critical Introduction to the Jewish Bible (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2012), 417–418.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Proverbs 1:7 and Job 28:28

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