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Job

About this book
Chapter 22

1 Then Eliphaz the Temanite answered: 2 “Is it to God that a strong man is of benefit? Is it to him that even a wise man is profitable? 3 Is it of any special benefit to the Almighty that you should be righteous, or is it any gain to him that you make your ways blameless? 4 Is it because of your piety that he rebukes you and goes to judgment with you? 5 Is not your wickedness great and is there no end to your iniquity? 6 “For you took pledges from your brothers for no reason, and you stripped the clothing from the naked. 7 You gave the weary no water to drink and from the hungry you withheld food. 8 Although you were a powerful man, owning land, an honored man living on it, 9 you sent widows away empty-handed, and the arms of the orphans you crushed.⁠ 10 That is why snares surround you, and why sudden fear terrifies you, 11 why it is so dark you cannot see, and why a flood of water covers you. 12 “Is not God on high in heaven? And see the lofty stars, how high they are! 13 But you have said, ‘What does God know? Does he judge through such deep darkness? 14 Thick clouds are a veil for him, so he does not see us, as he goes back and forth in the vault of heaven.’ 15 Will you keep to the old path that evil men have walked— 16 men who were carried off before their time, when the flood was poured out on their foundations? 17 They were saying to God, ‘Turn away from us,’ and, ‘What can the Almighty do to us?’ 18 But it was he who filled their houses with good things—yet the counsel of the wicked was far from me. 19 The righteous see their destruction and rejoice; the innocent mock them scornfully, saying, 20 ‘Surely our enemies are destroyed, and fire consumes their wealth.’ 21 “Reconcile yourself with God, and be at peace with him; in this way your prosperity will be good. 22 Accept instruction from his mouth and store up his words in your heart.⁠ 23 If you return to the Almighty, you will be built up; if you remove wicked behavior far from your tent, 24 and throw your gold in the dust—your gold of Ophir among the rocks in the ravines— 25 then the Almighty himself will be your gold, and the choicest silver for you. 26 Surely then you will delight yourself in the Almighty and will lift up your face toward God. 27 You will pray to him, and he will hear you, and you will fulfill your vows to him. 28 Whatever you decide on a matter, it will be established for you, and light will shine on your ways. 29 When people are brought low and you say, ‘Lift them up!’ then he will save the downcast; 30 he will deliver even someone who is not innocent, who will escape through the cleanness of your hands.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 10:18 and Job 22:9

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Deuteronomy 10 teaches that caring for orphans, widows, and foreigners is a duty and an expression of God’s justice. Job echoes Deuteronomy when Eliphaz accuses Job of failing in this duty, and Job defends himself by saying he has obeyed it.

Passages

Deuteronomy 10:18

Hebrew Bible
15 However, only to your ancestors did he show his loving favor, and he chose you, their descendants, from all peoples—as is apparent today. 16 Therefore, circumcise your hearts and stop being so stubborn! 17 For the Lord your God is God of gods and Lord of lords, the great, mighty, and awesome God who is unbiased and takes no bribe, 18 who justly treats the orphan and widow, and who loves resident foreigners, giving them food and clothing. 19 So you must love the resident foreigner because you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Job 22:9

Hebrew Bible
7 You gave the weary no water to drink and from the hungry you withheld food. 8 Although you were a powerful man, owning land, an honored man living on it, 9 you sent widows away empty-handed, and the arms of the orphans you crushed. 10 That is why snares surround you, and why sudden fear terrifies you, 11 why it is so dark you cannot see, and why a flood of water covers you.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

References

"... Job and Deuteronomy have major agreement concerning their understanding of the poor and marginalized members of society. Job uses the example of abusing the orphan as a form of great depravity (Job 6:27). Eliphaz concurs on this point and accuses Job of severe mistreatment of orphans (Job 22:9), which is one of the few specific accusations the friends make against Job. Job does not immediately claim innocence of this crime, but explicitly does so later (Job 29:12). Job uses orphans as evidence in his argument that God does not punish the wicked for their actions (Job 24:1–12). In Job’s summary defense of his actions (Job 31), Job claims to have upheld the cause of the orphan (Job 31:17–18) and implies that failure to do this would have been condemnable ..."
James Kipp Swinney, “Intertextual Discourse and the Problem of God: The Intersection of the Speeches of Job and Deuteronomy” (MA diss., Abilene Christian University, 2016), 69.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 10:18 and Job 22:9

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