Go to Related Reading
About this book

Job

About this book
Chapter 1

1 There was a man in the land of Uz whose name was Job. And that man was blameless and upright, one who feared God and turned away from evil. 2 Seven sons and three daughters were born to him. 3 His possessions included 7,000 sheep, 3,000 camels, 500 yoke of oxen, and 500 female donkeys; in addition he had a very great household. Thus he was the greatest of all the people in the east. 4 Now his sons used to go and hold a feast in the house of each one in turn, and they would send and invite their three sisters to eat and to drink with them. 5 When the days of their feasting were finished, Job would send for them and sanctify them; he would get up early in the morning and offer burnt offerings according to the number of them all.⁠ For Job thought, “Perhaps my children have sinned and cursed God in their hearts.”⁠ This was Job’s customary practice. 6 Now the day came when the sons of God came to present themselves before the Lord—and Satan also arrived among them.⁠ 7 The Lord said to Satan, “Where have you come from?” And Satan answered the Lord, “From roving about on the earth, and from walking back and forth across it.” 8 So the Lord said to Satan, “Have you considered my servant Job? There is no one like him on the earth, a blameless and upright man, one who fears God and turns away from evil.” 9 Then Satan answered the Lord, “Is it for nothing that Job fears God?⁠ 10 Have you not made a hedge around him and his household and all that he has on every side? You have blessed the work of his hands, and his livestock have increased in the land. 11 But extend your hand and strike everything he has, and he will no doubt curse you to your face!” 12 So the Lord said to Satan, “All right then, everything he has is in your power. Only do not extend your hand against the man himself!” So Satan went out from the presence of the Lord. 13 Now the day came when Job’s sons and daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother’s house, 14 and a messenger came to Job, saying, “The oxen were plowing and the donkeys were grazing beside them, 15 and the Sabeans swooped down and carried them all away, and they killed the servants with the sword! And I—only I alone—escaped to tell you!” 16 While this one was still speaking, another messenger arrived and said, “The fire of God has fallen from heaven and has burned up the sheep and the servants—it has consumed them! And I—only I alone—escaped to tell you!” 17 While this one was still speaking another messenger arrived and said, “The Chaldeans formed three bands and made a raid on the camels and carried them all away, and they killed the servants with the sword! And I—only I alone—escaped to tell you!” 18 While this one was still speaking another messenger arrived and said, “Your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother’s house, 19 and suddenly a great wind swept across the wilderness and struck the four corners of the house,⁠ and it fell on the young people, and they died! And I—only I alone—escaped to tell you!”⁠ 20 Then Job got up and tore his robe. He shaved his head, and then he threw himself down with his face to the ground. 21 He said, “Naked I came from my mother’s womb, and naked I will return there.⁠ The Lord gives, and the Lord takes away. May the name of the Lord be blessed!”⁠ 22 In all this Job did not sin, nor did he charge God with moral impropriety.

Texts in conversation

Compare Job 1:21 and Ecclesiastes 5:15

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Job declares that he entered life naked and will return the same, framing human existence in terms of total dependence on others. Ecclesiastes echoes this language, stating that people leave the world as they entered, unable to take anything with them.

Passages

Job 1:21

Hebrew Bible
19 and suddenly a great wind swept across the wilderness and struck the four corners of the house, and it fell on the young people, and they died! And I—only I alone—escaped to tell you!” 20 Then Job got up and tore his robe. He shaved his head, and then he threw himself down with his face to the ground. 21 He said, “Naked I came from my mother’s womb, and naked I will return there. The Lord gives, and the Lord takes away. May the name of the Lord be blessed!” 22 In all this Job did not sin, nor did he charge God with moral impropriety.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Job

Ecclesiastes 5:15

Hebrew Bible
13 Here is a misfortune on earth that I have seen: Wealth hoarded by its owner to his own misery. 14 Then that wealth was lost through bad luck; although he fathered a son, he has nothing left to give him. 15 Just as he came forth from his mother’s womb, naked will he return as he came, and he will take nothing in his hand that he may carry away from his toil. 16 This is another misfortune: Just as he came, so will he go. What did he gain from toiling for the wind? 17 Surely, he ate in darkness every day of his life, and he suffered greatly with sickness and anger.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ecclesiastes

References

"... Distinctive phrases more than individual words combined with multiple instances of shared language indicate a stronger likelihood that dependence exists. Leonard notes that while a shared context may strengthen the case, it is not critical, and dependence may be present where shared ideology or form are not. Leonard states: “Shared language is more important than nonshared language.” He concludes: “Verbal parallels provide the most objective and verifiable criteria for identifying these allusions.” In my opinion, shared language is never sufficient by itself to establish dependence on a source text. For example, even though parts of the narrative frame of the book of Job seem to echo Genesis 3, Job’s statement “Naked I came from my mother’s womb, and naked shall I return there” (Job 1:21), and its counterpart in Ecclesiastes 5:15, do not appear to be an allusion to Genesis even though they share two significant words (שוב used of death and ערם). There are major points of difference between the texts; in Job and Ecclesiastes, nakedness is associated with loss in Genesis it is associated with is innocence and insouciance. It appears more likely that the expression refers to the common experience of all humankind ..."
Ray Moxham, “Qohelet's Fall: The Use of Genesis 2–4 in the Book of Ecclesiastes” (MTh diss., University of Otago, 2015), 31.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Job 1:21 and Ecclesiastes 5:15

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library