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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Humility and Responsible Conduct

Chapter 7

1 Do no evil, so no evil will overtake you. 2 Turn away from wrongdoing, and it will turn away from you. 3 My son, don’t sow in the furrows of unrighteousness, and you won’t reap them seven times over. 4 Don’t seek a leading position from the Lord, or the seat of honor from the king. 5 Don’t justify yourself in the presence of the Lord, and don’t display your wisdom before the king. 6 Don’t seek to be a judge, in case you cannot remove injustice, or fear a powerful person and put a stumbling block in the way of your integrity. 7 Don’t sin against the people of the city. Don’t disgrace yourself in the crowd.

8 Don’t commit a sin twice, for even one will not go unpunished. 9 Don’t say, “He will look at the abundance of my gifts. When I make an offering to the Most High God, he will accept it.” 10 Don’t be fainthearted in your prayer.⁠ Don’t neglect to give to the poor.

11 Don’t laugh at a man in contempt when he is in the bitterness of his soul, for there is one who humbles and exalts. 12 Don’t invent a lie against your brother, or do the same to a friend. 13 Refuse to tell a lie,⁠ for that habit results in no good. 14 Don’t babble in the assembly of elders. Don’t repeat your words in your prayer.⁠ 15 Don’t hate hard labor or farm work, which the Most High has created. 16 Don’t count yourself among the crowd of sinners. Remember that anger will not wait. 17 Humble your soul greatly, for the punishment of the ungodly man is fire and the worm.⁠

Friends and Household Members

18 Don’t exchange a friend for something, or a true brother for the gold of Ophir. 19 Don’t deprive yourself of a wise and good wife, for her grace is worth more than gold. 20 Don’t abuse a servant who works faithfully, or a hired worker who gives you his life. 21 Let your soul love a wise servant. Don’t defraud him of freedom.

Care for Family and Livestock

22 Do you have cattle? Look after them. If they are profitable to you, let them stay by you. 23 Do you have children? Correct them, and make them obedient from their youth.⁠ 24 Do you have daughters? Take care of their bodies, and don’t be overly indulgent toward them. 25 Give your daughter in marriage, and you will have accomplished something important. Give her to a man of understanding.

26 Do you have a wife who pleases you? Don’t send her away. But don’t trust yourself to one who is hateful. 27 Honor your father with your whole heart, and don’t forget the labor pains of your mother. 28 Remember that you were born from them. How will you repay them for what they have done for you?

Honor for God and the Priests

29 Fear the Lord with all your soul⁠ and revere his priests.⁠ 30 With all your strength love him who made you. Don’t abandon his ministers. 31 Fear the Lord and honor the priest. Give him his portion, just as you are commanded: the first fruits, the trespass offering, the gift of the shoulders, the sacrifice of sanctification, and the first fruits of holy things.⁠

Care for the Vulnerable

32 Also stretch out your hand to the poor man,⁠ so that your blessing may be complete.⁠ 33 A gift finds favor with every living person. Don’t withhold kindness to the dead.⁠ 34 Don’t avoid those who weep, and mourn with those who mourn. 35 Don’t be slow to visit a sick man, for through such acts you will gain love. 36 In all your words, remember eternity, and you will never sin.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 7:17 and Augustine, City of God 21.9

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

Sirach warns that the fate of the ungodly is fire and worms, an image of judgment based on Isaiah. The Christian theologian Augustine quotes this in the City of God, showing how he reads it authoritatively and calls it scripture.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 7:17

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
15 Don’t hate hard labor or farm work,
which the Most High has created.
16 Don’t count yourself among the crowd of sinners.
Remember that anger will not wait.
17 Humble your soul greatly,
for the punishment of the ungodly man is fire and the worm.
18 Don’t exchange a friend for something,
or a true brother for the gold of Ophir.
19 Don’t deprive yourself of a wise and good wife,
for her grace is worth more than gold.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Augustine, City of God 21.9

Early Christian · On the City of God Against the Pagans
Isaiah 51:8 But those who have no doubt that in that future punishment both body and soul will suffer, affirm that the body will be burned with fire, while the soul will be, as it were, gnawed by a worm of anguish. Though this view is more reasonable — for it is absurd to suppose that either body or soul will escape pain in the future punishment — still, for my own part, I find it easier to understand both as referring to the body than to suppose that neither does; and I think that Scripture is silent regarding the spiritual pain of the damned, because, though not expressed, it is necessarily understood that in a body thus tormented the soul also is tortured with a fruitless repentance. For we read in the ancient Scriptures, “The vengeance of the flesh of the ungodly is fire and worms.”
426 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Augustine, City of God 21

References

"... Within early Christianity, the Letter of Barnabas echoes Sirach 5:12–14 about the danger of a double tongue, as well as the warning in Sirach 4:31 against an ungenerous attitude (Barnabas 19:7–9). Origen (d. 254 ce) quotes Ben Sira as scriptural when commenting on several Old Testament passages (Genesis 12:5; Joshua 15:6; Jeremiah 16:6). Clement of Alexandria (d. 215 CE) quotes about eighty Sirach verses, while John Chrysostom (d. 407 CE) includes about three hundred citations from the book. Augustine (d. 430 CE) not only cites Sirach about 300x, but also preached sermons on Sirach passages. Rabanus Maurus (d. 856 CE), abbot of Fulda in Germany, composed the earliest surviving Latin commentary on Sirach ..."
Jeremy Corley, “Sirach,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Apocrypha, ed. Gerbern S. Oegema (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021), 284–305.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 7:17 and Augustine, City of God 21.9

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