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About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

The Harm of an Undisciplined Soul

Chapter 6

1 Don’t become an enemy instead of a friend, for an evil name will inherit shame and disgrace. So it is with the sinner who speaks with two tongues. 2 Do not let your soul’s counsel make you arrogant, so that your soul is not torn apart like a bull. 3 You will eat up your leaves, destroy your fruit, and leave yourself like a dry tree. 4 A wicked soul will destroy him who has it, and will make him a laughingstock to his enemies.

True and False Friendship

5 Sweet words will multiply a man’s friends. A gracious tongue will multiply friendly greetings. 6 Let those that are at peace with you be many, but your adviser one in a thousand. 7 If you want to gain a friend, test him, and don’t be in a hurry to trust him. 8 For there is a friend just for an occasion. He won’t stay in your day of distress. 9 And there is a friend who turns into an enemy. He will reveal your quarrel to disgrace you. 10 And there is a friend who is a companion at the table, but he won’t stay in your day of distress.⁠ 11 In your prosperity he will be like you, and will act boldly toward your servants. 12 If you are brought low, he will be against you, and will hide himself from you. 13 Separate yourself from your enemies, and beware of your friends. 14 A faithful friend is a strong defense. He who has found him has found a treasure. 15 There is nothing that can be taken in exchange for a faithful friend. His worth is beyond price. 16 A faithful friend is a life-saving medicine.⁠ Those who fear the Lord will find him.⁠ 17 He who fears the Lord directs his friendship properly, for his neighbor is like him.

Learning Wisdom

18 My son, gather instruction from your youth. Even when you have gray hair you will find wisdom. 19 Come to her like someone who plows and sows and wait for her good fruit,⁠ for you will toil only a little in cultivating her, and you will soon eat her fruit. 20 How extremely harsh she is to the uneducated! He who is without understanding will not remain in her. 21 She will rest on him like a great stone that tests him. He won’t hesitate to throw her off. 22 For wisdom is true to her name. She is not revealed to many.

Wisdom’s Discipline and Reward

23 Listen, my son, and accept my judgment. Don’t refuse my advice. 24 Bring your feet into her shackles, and your neck into her chain.⁠ 25 Put your shoulder under her and bear her. Don’t be distressed by her bonds. 26 Come to her with all your soul. Keep her ways with your whole power.⁠ 27 Search and seek, and she will be made known to you. When you get hold of her, don’t let her go. 28 For in the end you will find her rest, and she will become your gladness. 29 Her shackles will be a strong covering for you, and her chains for a robe of glory. 30 For there is a golden ornament on her, and her bands are a purple cord. 31 You will put her on like a robe of glory, and will put her on like a crown of rejoicing.

Listening to the Wise

32 My son, if you are willing, you will be instructed. If you are willing to submit your soul, you will be prudent. 33 If you love to listen, you will receive. If you listen carefully, you will be wise.⁠ 34 Stand in the assembly of the elders. Attach yourself to whomever is wise. 35 Be willing to listen to every godly discussion. Don’t let the proverbs of understanding escape you.⁠ 36 If you see a man of understanding, get to him early. Let your foot wear out the steps of his doors. 37 Let your mind dwell on the decrees of the Lord and meditate continually on his commandments. He will establish your heart and your desire for wisdom will be given to you.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 6:24 and Augustine, City of God 18.32

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

Augustine uses Sirach to interpret Habakkuk, where Habakkuk describes bondage that could be interpreted as a form of slavery, Augustine instead says that Habakkuk is similarly describing wisdom as a good type of bondage.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 6:24

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
23 Listen, my son, and accept my judgment.
Don’t refuse my advice.
24 Bring your feet into her shackles,
and your neck into her chain.
25 Put your shoulder under her and bear her.
Don’t be distressed by her bonds.
26 Come to her with all your soul.
Keep her ways with your whole power.
27 Search and seek, and she will be made known to you.
When you get hold of her, don’t let her go.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Augustine, City of God 18.32

Early Christian · On the City of God Against the Pagans
“And in fury You shall cast down the nations;” for in punishing those who exalt themselves You dash them one against another. “You went out for the salvation of Your people, to save Your Christ; You have sent death on the heads of the wicked.” None of these words needs explanation. “You have lifted up the bonds, even to the neck.” This may be understood even of the good bonds of wisdom, so that the feet may be put into its fetters, and the neck into its collar. “You have struck off in amazement of mind the bonds” must be understood for, He lifts up the good and strikes off the bad, about which it is said to Him, “You have broken my bonds,” and that “in amazement of mind,” that is, wonderfully. “The heads of the mighty shall be moved in it;” that is, in that wonder.
426 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Augustine, City of God 18

References

“... Perhaps because Church Fathers made wide use of the Greek and Latin versions of the book, the Hebrew work mostly dropped out of usage in rabbinic Judaism. [...] Within early Christianity, the Letter of Barnabas echoes Sir 5:12–14 about the danger of a double tongue, as well as the warning in Sir 4:31 against an ungenerous attitude (Barn. 19:7–9). Origen (d. 254 ce) quotes Ben Sira as scriptural when commenting on several OT passages (Gen 12:5; Josh 15:6; Jer 16:6). Clement of Alexandria (d. 215 ce) quotes about eighty Sirach verses, while John Chrysostom (d. 407 ce) includes about three hundred citations from the book. Augustine (d. 430 ce) not only cites Sirach about 300x, but also preached sermons on Sirach passages. Rabanus Maurus (d. 856 ce), abbot of Fulda in Germany, composed the earliest surviving Latin commentary on Sirach. ...”
Jeremy Corley, “Sirach,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Apocrypha, ed. Gerbern S. Oegema (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021), 300.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 6:24 and Augustine, City of God 18.32

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