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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

The Harm of an Undisciplined Soul

Chapter 6

1 Don’t become an enemy instead of a friend, for an evil name will inherit shame and disgrace. So it is with the sinner who speaks with two tongues. 2 Do not let your soul’s counsel make you arrogant, so that your soul is not torn apart like a bull. 3 You will eat up your leaves, destroy your fruit, and leave yourself like a dry tree. 4 A wicked soul will destroy him who has it, and will make him a laughingstock to his enemies.

True and False Friendship

5 Sweet words will multiply a man’s friends. A gracious tongue will multiply friendly greetings. 6 Let those that are at peace with you be many, but your adviser one in a thousand. 7 If you want to gain a friend, test him, and don’t be in a hurry to trust him. 8 For there is a friend just for an occasion. He won’t stay in your day of distress. 9 And there is a friend who turns into an enemy. He will reveal your quarrel to disgrace you. 10 And there is a friend who is a companion at the table, but he won’t stay in your day of distress.⁠ 11 In your prosperity he will be like you, and will act boldly toward your servants. 12 If you are brought low, he will be against you, and will hide himself from you. 13 Separate yourself from your enemies, and beware of your friends. 14 A faithful friend is a strong defense. He who has found him has found a treasure. 15 There is nothing that can be taken in exchange for a faithful friend. His worth is beyond price. 16 A faithful friend is a life-saving medicine.⁠ Those who fear the Lord will find him.⁠ 17 He who fears the Lord directs his friendship properly, for his neighbor is like him.

Learning Wisdom

18 My son, gather instruction from your youth. Even when you have gray hair you will find wisdom. 19 Come to her like someone who plows and sows and wait for her good fruit,⁠ for you will toil only a little in cultivating her, and you will soon eat her fruit. 20 How extremely harsh she is to the uneducated! He who is without understanding will not remain in her. 21 She will rest on him like a great stone that tests him. He won’t hesitate to throw her off. 22 For wisdom is true to her name. She is not revealed to many.

Wisdom’s Discipline and Reward

23 Listen, my son, and accept my judgment. Don’t refuse my advice. 24 Bring your feet into her shackles, and your neck into her chain.⁠ 25 Put your shoulder under her and bear her. Don’t be distressed by her bonds. 26 Come to her with all your soul. Keep her ways with your whole power.⁠ 27 Search and seek, and she will be made known to you. When you get hold of her, don’t let her go. 28 For in the end you will find her rest, and she will become your gladness. 29 Her shackles will be a strong covering for you, and her chains for a robe of glory. 30 For there is a golden ornament on her, and her bands are a purple cord. 31 You will put her on like a robe of glory, and will put her on like a crown of rejoicing.

Listening to the Wise

32 My son, if you are willing, you will be instructed. If you are willing to submit your soul, you will be prudent. 33 If you love to listen, you will receive. If you listen carefully, you will be wise.⁠ 34 Stand in the assembly of the elders. Attach yourself to whomever is wise. 35 Be willing to listen to every godly discussion. Don’t let the proverbs of understanding escape you.⁠ 36 If you see a man of understanding, get to him early. Let your foot wear out the steps of his doors. 37 Let your mind dwell on the decrees of the Lord and meditate continually on his commandments. He will establish your heart and your desire for wisdom will be given to you.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 6:16 and Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 2.7

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

The Christian theologian Ambrose uses Sirach as an authoritative source for teaching about friendship. Quoting its description of a faithful friend, he uses it to illustrate the kind of loyalty that maintains virtuous relationships.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 6:16

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
14 A faithful friend is a strong defense.
He who has found him has found a treasure.
15 There is nothing that can be taken in exchange for a faithful friend.
His worth is beyond price.
16 A faithful friend is a life-saving medicine.
Those who fear the Lord will find him.
17 He who fears the Lord directs his friendship properly,
for his neighbor is like him.
18 My son, gather instruction from your youth.
Even when you have gray hair you will find wisdom.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 2.7

Early Christian
37 It gives a very great impetus to mutual love if one shows love in return to those who love us and proves that one does not love them less than oneself is loved, especially if one shows it by the proofs that a faithful friendship gives. What is so likely to win favor as gratitude? What more natural than to love one who loves us? What so implanted and so impressed on men’s feelings as the wish to let another, by whom we want to be loved, know that we love him? Well does the wise man say: Lose your money for your brother and your friend. And again: I will not be ashamed to defend a friend, neither will I hide myself from him. If, indeed, the words in Ecclesiasticus testify that the medicine of life and immortality is in a friend; yet none has ever doubted that it is in love that our best defense lies. As the Apostle says: It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things; love never fails.
390–395 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 2

References

"... As a second example of reception history, we can consider another oft-cited Sirach passage, the first poem on friendship (Sirach 6:5–17). Within Jewish tradition, the Babylonian Talmud cites a form of the admonition in Sirach 6:6: “Let those who seek your peace be many; reveal your confidence to one in a thousand” (b. Sanhedrin 100b). Several references to Sirach 6:5–17 occur within Christian literature from the late fourth century. Testimony to the friendship existing among the Cappadocian Fathers is evident in the oration, pronounced in 372 by Gregory of Nazianzus (d. 389), shortly after he was made bishop, in the presence of his two friends, Gregory of Nyssa and his brother Basil of Caesarea. Acknowledging the value of their friendship, the oration refers to Sirach 6:14–15 (Or. 11). Around the same time, Ambrose of Milan (d. 397), twice quotes Sirach 6:16, in association with other verses of Sirach on friendship, in its expanded Latin form: “A faithful friend is a medicine of life and immortality” (Off. 2:7 [37]). Another contemporary bishop, John Chrysostom (d. 407), refers to Sirach 6:14–16 to explain the extent of true friendship (Hom. 1 Thess.), while commenting on Paul’s tender treatment of his converts in Thessalonica (1 Thessalonians 2:7–8) ..."
Jeremy Corley, “Sirach,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Apocrypha, ed. Gerbern S. Oegema (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021), 284–305.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 6:16 and Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 2.7

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