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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Nathan and David

Chapter 47

1 After him, Nathan rose to prophesy in the days of David. 2 Just as fat is separated from the peace offering, David was separated from the children of Israel.⁠ 3 He played with lions as with young goats, and with bears as with lambs of the flock. 4 In his youth didn’t he kill a giant, and take away disgrace from the people when he lifted up his hand with a sling stone, and beat down the boasting Goliath? 5 For he called on the Most High Lord, and he gave him strength in his right hand to kill a powerful warrior, to exalt the horn of his people. 6 So they glorified him for his tens of thousands, and praised him for the blessings of the Lord, because a glorious diadem was given to him. 7 For he destroyed the enemies on every side, and defeated the Philistines his adversaries. He broke their horn in pieces to this day.

8 In everything he did he gave thanks to the Holy One Most High with words of glory. He sang praise with his whole heart, and loved him who made him. 9 He set singers before the altar, to make sweet melody by their music. 10 He gave beauty to the feasts, and set the seasons in full order while they praised his holy name, and the sanctuary resounded from early morning. 11 The Lord took away his sins, and exalted his horn forever. He gave him a covenant of kings, and a glorious throne in Israel.

Solomon’s Wisdom and Failure

12 After him a wise son rose, who because of him lived in security. 13 Solomon reigned in days of peace. God gave him rest all around, so that he might set up a house for his name, and prepare a sanctuary forever. 14 How wise you were made in your youth, and filled like a river with understanding! 15 Your influence covered the earth, and you filled it with parables and riddles. 16 Your name reached to the distant islands, and you were loved for your peace. 17 For your songs, proverbs, parables, and interpretations, the countries were amazed at you.

18 By the name of the Lord God, who is called the God of Israel, you gathered gold like tin, and multiplied silver like lead. 19 You bowed your body to women, and your body was brought under control. 20 You blemished your honor, and defiled your offspring, to bring anger on your children. I was distressed for your foolishness, 21 because the sovereignty was divided, and a disobedient kingdom ruled out of Ephraim. 22 But the Lord will never abandon his mercy. He won’t destroy any of his works, nor erase the descendants of his chosen ones. He won’t take away the offspring of him who loved him. He gave a remnant to Jacob, and to David a root from his own family.⁠

Rehoboam and Jeroboam

23 So Solomon rested with his fathers. Of his offspring, he left behind him Rehoboam, the foolishness of the people, and one who lacked understanding, who made the people revolt by his advice. Also Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel sin, and gave Ephraim a path of sin.⁠ 24 Their sins were multiplied greatly, until they were removed from their land. 25 For they sought out every kind of wickedness, until vengeance came on them.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 47:23 and Ambrose, On Repentance 2.5

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

Sirach criticizes Rehoboam as foolish and blames his policies for the revolt that split the kingdom and led to Jeroboam’s sins. The Christian theologian Ambrose of Milan uses this when telling Israel’s story, showing how it entered Christian tradition.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 47:23

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
21 because the sovereignty was divided,
and a disobedient kingdom ruled out of Ephraim.
22 But the Lord will never abandon his mercy.
He won’t destroy any of his works,
nor erase the descendants of his chosen ones.
He won’t take away the offspring of him who loved him.
He gave a remnant to Jacob,
and to David a root from his own family.
23 So Solomon rested with his fathers.
Of his offspring, he left behind him Rehoboam,
the foolishness of the people,
and one who lacked understanding,
who made the people revolt by his advice.
Also Jeroboam the son of Nebat, who made Israel sin,
and gave Ephraim a path of sin.
24 Their sins were multiplied greatly,
until they were removed from their land.
25 For they sought out every kind of wickedness,
until vengeance came on them.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Ambrose, On Repentance 2.5

Early Christian
Let us, then, cover our falls by our subsequent acts; let us purify ourselves by tears, that the Lord our God may hear us when we lament, as He heard Ephraim when weeping, as it is written: I have surely heard Ephraim weeping. And He expressly repeats the very words of Ephraim: You have chastised me and I was chastised, like a calf I was not trained. For a calf disports itself, and leaves its stall, and so Ephraim was untrained like a calf far away from the stall; because he had forsaken the stall of the Lord, followed Jeroboam, and worshipped the calves, which future event was prophetically indicated through Aaron, Exodus xxxi namely, that the people of the Jews would fall after this manner. And so repenting, Ephraim says: Turn me, and I shall be turned, for You are the Lord my God. Surely in the end of my captivity I repented, and after I learned I mourned over the days of confusion, and subjected myself to You because I received reproach and made You known.
390–395 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ambrose, On Repentance 2

References

"... The Book of Ecclesiasticus [Sirach] has been honored still more highly among the Christians, being cited in the Epistle of James (Edersheim, in Wace, 'Apocrypha,' p. 21), the Didache (4:5), and the Epistle of Barnabas (19:9), while Clement of Alexandria and Origen quote from it repeatedly, as from a γραφή, or holy book. In the Western Church, Cyprian frequently appeals to it in his 'Testimonia,' as does Ambrose in the greater number of his writings. In like manner the Catalogue of Cheltenham, Damasus I., the Councils of Hippo (393) and Carthage (397), Pope Innocent I., the second Council of Carthage (419), and Augustine all regard it as a canonical book. This is contrary, however, to the opinions of the Council of Laodicea, of Jerome, and of Rufinus of Aquileia, which authorities rank it among the ecclesiastical books. It was finally declared canonical by the Council of Trent; and the favor with which the Church has always regarded it has preserved it in its entirety. ..."
Crawford Howell Toy, The Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach (Jewish Encyclopedia, 2021), 1–10.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 47:23 and Ambrose, On Repentance 2.5

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