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About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Faithfulness and Thoughtful Speech

Chapter 33

1 No evil will happen to him who fears the Lord, but in trials again and again he will deliver him.⁠ 2 A wise man will not hate the law, but he who is a hypocrite about it is like a boat in a storm. 3 A man of understanding will put his trust in the law. And the law is faithful to him, as when one asks a divine oracle.⁠ 4 Prepare your speech, and so you will be heard. Bind up instruction, and make your answer. 5 The heart of a fool is like a cartwheel. His thoughts are like a rolling axle. A stallion horse is like a mocking friend. 6 He neighs under everyone who sits on him.⁠

God’s Ordering of Days and People

7 Why is one day better than another, when all the light of every day in the year is from the sun? 8 They were distinguished by the Lord’s knowledge, and he varied seasons and feasts. 9 Some of them he exalted and made holy, and some of them he has made ordinary days. 10 And all men are from the ground. Adam was created from dust. 11 In the abundance of his knowledge the Lord distinguished them, and made their ways different. 12 Some of them he blessed and exalted, and some of them he made holy and brought near to himself. Some of them he cursed and brought low, and overthrew them from their place.⁠ 13 Just as clay is in a potter’s hand and all his ways follow his pleasure, people are in the hand of their Maker, who gives to them according to his judgment. 14 Good is the opposite of evil, and life is the opposite of death, so the sinner is the opposite of the godly.⁠ 15 Look at all the works of the Most High like this. They come in pairs, one against another.

The Teacher’s Work

16 I was the last on watch, like one who gleans after the grape gatherers. 17 By the Lord’s blessing I arrived before them, and filled my winepress like one who gathers grapes. 18 Consider that I did not work for myself alone, but for all those who seek instruction.

Keeping Control of One’s Property

19 Listen to me, you important men of the people, and listen with your ears, you rulers of the congregation. 20 To son and wife, to brother and friend, don’t give power over yourself while you live, and don’t give your possessions to another, so that you do not regret it and have to ask for them. 21 While you still live and breath is in you, don’t give yourself over to anybody. 22 For it is better that your children should ask from you than that you should rely on the hands of your children.⁠ 23 Excel in all your works. Don’t bring a stain on your honor. 24 On the day your life draws to an end, at the time of death, distribute your inheritance.

The Treatment of Servants

25 Animal feed, a stick, and burdens are for a donkey. Bread, discipline, and work are for a servant. 26 Set your slave to work, and you will find rest. Leave his hands idle, and he will seek freedom. 27 Yoke and whip will bend the neck. For an evil slave there are racks and tortures. 28 Send him to work, so that he is not idle, 29 for idleness teaches much bad behavior. 30 Set him to work, as is appropriate for him. If he doesn’t obey, make his shackles heavy. Don’t be excessive toward anyone. Do nothing unjust. 31 If you have a slave, treat him like yourself,⁠ because you have bought him with blood. If you have a slave, treat him like yourself. For like your own soul, you will need him.⁠ 32 If you treat him badly, and he departs and runs away, 33 which way will you go to look for him?

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 33:15 and Augustine, City of God 11.18

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

Sirach describes creation as a balance of opposites like life and death or good and evil, all under divine control. Augustine echoes this view in City of God, showing how he used this Jewish wisdom book as an authoritative source for teaching.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 33:15

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
13 Just as clay is in a potter’s hand
and all his ways follow his pleasure,
people are in the hand of their Maker,
who gives to them according to his judgment.
14 Good is the opposite of evil,
and life is the opposite of death,
so the sinner is the opposite of the godly.
15 Look at all the works of the Most High like this.
They come in pairs, one against another.
16 I was the last on watch,
like one who gleans after the grape gatherers.
17 By the Lord’s blessing I arrived before them,
and filled my winepress like one who gathers grapes.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Augustine, City of God 11.18

Early Christian · On the City of God Against the Pagans
This is quite plainly stated in the Book of Ecclesiasticus, in this way: “Good is set against evil, and life against death: so is the sinner against the godly. So look on all the works of the Most High, and these are two and two, one against another.”
426 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Augustine, City of God 11

References

"... Within early Christianity, the Letter of Barnabas echoes Sirach 5:12–14 about the danger of a double tongue, as well as the warning in Sirach 4:31 against an ungenerous attitude (Barnabas 19:7–9). Origen (d. 254 ce) quotes Ben Sira as scriptural when commenting on several Old Testament passages (Genesis 12:5; Joshua 15:6; Jeremiah 16:6). Clement of Alexandria (d. 215 CE) quotes about eighty Sirach verses, while John Chrysostom (d. 407 CE) includes about three hundred citations from the book. Augustine (d. 430 CE) not only cites Sirach about 300x, but also preached sermons on Sirach passages. Rabanus Maurus (d. 856 CE), abbot of Fulda in Germany, composed the earliest surviving Latin commentary on Sirach ..."
Jeremy Corley, “Sirach,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Apocrypha, ed. Gerbern S. Oegema (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021), 284–305.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 33:15 and Augustine, City of God 11.18

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