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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Lending and Repayment

Chapter 29

1 He who shows mercy will lend to his neighbor. He who strengthens him with his hand keeps the commandments. 2 Lend to your neighbor in time of his need. Repay your neighbor on time. 3 Stand by your word, and keep faith with him, and at all times you will find what you need. 4 Many have considered a loan to be a windfall, and have given trouble to those who helped them. 5 Until he has received it, he will kiss a man’s hands. For his neighbor’s money he will speak submissively. Then when payment is due, he will prolong the time, return excuses, and complain about the timing. 6 If he prevails, the creditor will hardly receive half, and he will count it as a windfall. If not, he has deprived him of his money, and he has made him an enemy without cause. He will pay him with curses and abuse. Instead of honor, he will repay him with disgrace. 7 Many because of fraud have turned away. They are afraid of being defrauded for nothing.

Generosity to the Poor

8 However be patient with a man in poor circumstances. Don’t keep him waiting for your gifts to the poor. 9 Help a poor man for the commandment’s sake. Don’t send him away empty-handed when he is in need.⁠ 10 Lose your money for a brother and a friend. Don’t let it rust under a stone and be lost.⁠ 11 Allocate your treasure according to the commandments of the Most High and it will profit you more than gold.⁠ 12 Store up your giving to the poor in your storehouses and it will rescue you from all distress.⁠ 13 It will fight for you against your enemy better than a mighty shield and a heavy spear.

Guaranteeing Another Person’s Debt

14 A good man will guarantee his neighbor’s debt. He who has lost shame will fail him.⁠ 15 Don’t forget the kindness of your guarantor, for he has given his life for you. 16 A sinner will waste the property of his guarantor. 17 He who is thankless will fail him who delivered him. 18 Guaranteeing debts has ruined many who were prospering and shaken them like a wave of the sea. It has driven powerful men from their homes. They wandered among foreign nations. 19 A sinner who falls into guaranteeing a debt and undertakes contracts for work will fall into lawsuits. 20 Help your neighbor as much as you can, and be careful not to fall yourself.⁠

Contentment and Independence

21 The essentials of life are water, bread, clothing, and a house for privacy. 22 A poor man’s life under a shelter of logs is better than rich food in another man’s house. 23 With little or with much, be well satisfied. 24 It is a miserable life to go from house to house. Where you are a guest, you don’t dare to open your mouth. 25 You will entertain, serve drinks, and have no thanks. In addition to this, you will hear bitter words. 26 “Come here, you stranger, set a table, and if you have anything in your hand, feed me with it.” 27 “Leave, you stranger, for an honored guest is here. My brother has come to be my guest. I need my house.” 28 These things are painful to a man of understanding: The scolding about lodging and the insults of creditors.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 29:10 and Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 2.7

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

The Christian theologian Ambrose uses Sirach as an authoritative guide for generosity and social duty, adopting its teaching that wealth should serve the needs of others rather than be hoarded, showing how it was influenced by Jewish traditions.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 29:10

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
8 However be patient with a man in poor circumstances.
Don’t keep him waiting for your gifts to the poor.
9 Help a poor man for the commandment’s sake.
Don’t send him away empty-handed when he is in need.
10 Lose your money for a brother and a friend.
Don’t let it rust under a stone and be lost.
11 Allocate your treasure according to the commandments of the Most High
and it will profit you more than gold.
12 Store up your giving to the poor in your storehouses
and it will rescue you from all distress.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 2.7

Early Christian
37 It gives a very great impetus to mutual love if one shows love in return to those who love us and proves that one does not love them less than oneself is loved, especially if one shows it by the proofs that a faithful friendship gives. What is so likely to win favor as gratitude? What more natural than to love one who loves us? What so implanted and so impressed on men’s feelings as the wish to let another, by whom we want to be loved, know that we love him? Well does the wise man say: Lose your money for your brother and your friend. And again: I will not be ashamed to defend a friend, neither will I hide myself from him. If, indeed, the words in Ecclesiasticus testify that the medicine of life and immortality is in a friend; yet none has ever doubted that it is in love that our best defense lies. As the Apostle says: It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things; love never fails.
390–395 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 2

References

"... The Book of Ecclesiasticus [Sirach] has been honored still more highly among the Christians, being cited in the Epistle of James (Edersheim, in Wace, 'Apocrypha,' p. 21), the Didache (4:5), and the Epistle of Barnabas (19:9), while Clement of Alexandria and Origen quote from it repeatedly, as from a γραφή, or holy book. In the Western Church, Cyprian frequently appeals to it in his 'Testimonia,' as does Ambrose in the greater number of his writings. In like manner the Catalogue of Cheltenham, Damasus I., the Councils of Hippo (393) and Carthage (397), Pope Innocent I., the second Council of Carthage (419), and Augustine all regard it as a canonical book. This is contrary, however, to the opinions of the Council of Laodicea, of Jerome, and of Rufinus of Aquileia, which authorities rank it among the ecclesiastical books. It was finally declared canonical by the Council of Trent; and the favor with which the Church has always regarded it has preserved it in its entirety. ..."
Crawford Howell Toy, The Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach (Jewish Encyclopedia, 2021), 1–10.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 29:10 and Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 2.7

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