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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Forgiveness and Restraint

Chapter 28

1 He who takes vengeance will find vengeance from the Lord, and he will surely keep his sins in mind.⁠ 2 Forgive your neighbor the hurt that he has done, and then your sins will be pardoned when you pray.⁠ 3 Does anyone harbor anger against another and expect healing from the Lord?⁠ 4 He has no mercy on a man like himself, yet does he pray for his own sins?⁠ 5 He himself, being flesh, nourishes anger. Who will make atonement for his sins? 6 Remember the end of your life, and put an end to hostility. Remember decay and death, and be true to the commandments. 7 Remember the commandments, and don’t be angry with your neighbor. Remember the covenant of the Highest, and overlook ignorance.

The Fire of Quarrels

8 Stay away from quarrels, and you will reduce your sins, for a hot-tempered man will ignite quarrels. 9 A man who is a sinner will trouble friends and sow discord among those who are at peace. 10 A fire burns according to its fuel, and a quarrel burns according to its intensity. A man’s anger matches his strength, and he increases his anger according to his wealth. 11 A quarrel begun in haste ignites a fire, and hasty fighting sheds blood. 12 If you blow on a spark, it will burn, and if you spit on it, it will be put out. Both of these come out of your mouth.⁠

The Damage of Slander

13 Curse the gossip and the person who speaks with two tongues, for he has destroyed many who were at peace.⁠ 14 A slanderer has shaken many, and dispersed them from nation to nation. It has pulled down strong cities and overthrown the houses of important men. 15 A slanderer has driven out brave women and deprived them of their labors. 16 He who listens to it will not find rest, nor will he live quietly. 17 The stroke of a whip makes a mark in the flesh, but the stroke of a tongue will break bones.

18 Many have fallen by the edge of the sword, yet not so many as those who have fallen because of the tongue. 19 Happy is he who is sheltered from it, who has not passed through its fury, who has not drawn its yoke, and has not been bound with its bands. 20 For its yoke is a yoke of iron, and its bands are bands of brass. 21 The death it causes is an evil death, and Hades is better than it. 22 It will not have power over godly men. They will not be burned in its flame. 23 Those who abandon the Lord will fall into it. It will burn among them, and won’t be put out. It will be sent against them like a lion. It will destroy them like a leopard.

Guarding the Mouth

24 As you surround your possessions with a thorn hedge, and secure your silver and your gold,⁠ 25 so make a set of scales and a weight for your words, and make a door and a bar for your mouth. 26 Be careful not to slip with it, so that you do not fall before one who lies in wait.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 28:24 and Ambrose, On the Christian Faith 1.6

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

Sirach says that careless speech can be as dangerous as fire or wild beasts, teaching to guard the tongue as one would guard valuables. The Christian theologian Ambrose of Milan quotes this, showing how he used it as an authoritative source for teaching.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 28:24

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
22 It will not have power over godly men.
They will not be burned in its flame.
23 Those who abandon the Lord will fall into it.
It will burn among them, and won’t be put out.
It will be sent against them like a lion.
It will destroy them like a leopard.
24 As you surround your possessions with a thorn hedge,
and secure your silver and your gold,
25 so make a set of scales and a weight for your words,
and make a door and a bar for your mouth.
26 Be careful not to slip with it,
so that you do not fall before one who lies in wait.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Ambrose, On the Christian Faith 1.6

Early Christian
This monster’s cavern, your sacred Majesty, thick laid, as seafaring men do say it is, with hidden lairs, and all its neighborhood, where the rocks of unbelief echo to the howling of her black dogs, we must pass by with ears in a manner stopped. For it is written: Hedge your ears about with thorns; and again: Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers; and yet again: A man that is an heretic, avoid after the first reproof, knowing that such an one is fallen, and is in sin, being condemned of his own judgment. So then, like prudent pilots, let us set the sails of our faith for the course by which we may pass by most safely, and again follow the coasts of the Scriptures.
390–395 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ambrose, On the Christian Faith 1

References

"... The Book of Ecclesiasticus [Sirach] has been honored still more highly among the Christians, being cited in the Epistle of James (Edersheim, in Wace, 'Apocrypha,' p. 21), the Didache (4:5), and the Epistle of Barnabas (19:9), while Clement of Alexandria and Origen quote from it repeatedly, as from a γραφή, or holy book. In the Western Church, Cyprian frequently appeals to it in his 'Testimonia,' as does Ambrose in the greater number of his writings. In like manner the Catalogue of Cheltenham, Damasus I., the Councils of Hippo (393) and Carthage (397), Pope Innocent I., the second Council of Carthage (419), and Augustine all regard it as a canonical book. This is contrary, however, to the opinions of the Council of Laodicea, of Jerome, and of Rufinus of Aquileia, which authorities rank it among the ecclesiastical books. It was finally declared canonical by the Council of Trent; and the favor with which the Church has always regarded it has preserved it in its entirety. ..."
Crawford Howell Toy, The Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach (Jewish Encyclopedia, 2021), 1–10.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 28:24 and Ambrose, On the Christian Faith 1.6

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