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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Laziness and Undisciplined Children

Chapter 22

1 A lazy man is compared to a stone that is defiled. Everyone will hiss at him in his disgrace. 2 A lazy man is compared to the filth of a manure heap. Anyone who picks it up will shake it out of his hand. 3 An undisciplined child is a disgrace to his father, and a foolish daughter is born to his loss. 4 A prudent daughter will inherit a husband of her own. She who brings shame is the grief of her father. 5 She who is arrogant brings shame on father and husband. She will be despised by both of them. 6 Ill-timed conversation is like music in mourning, but whipping and correction are wisdom in every season.⁠

The Burden of Foolishness

9 He who teaches a fool is like one who glues pieces of pottery together, or like one who wakes a sleeper out of a deep sleep.⁠ 10 He who teaches a fool is like someone teaching a sleeping man. In the end he will say, “What is it?” 11 Weep for the dead, for he lacks light. Weep for a fool, for he lacks understanding. Weep more gently for the dead, because he has found rest, but the life of the fool is worse than death. 12 Mourning for the dead lasts seven days, but for a fool and an ungodly man, it lasts all the days of his life. 13 Don’t talk much with a foolish man, and don’t go to one who has no understanding. Beware of him, so that you do not have trouble and be defiled in his onslaught. Turn away from him, and you will find rest, and you won’t be worn out by his madness. 14 What would be heavier than lead? What is its name, but “Fool”? 15 Sand, salt, and a mass of iron are easier to bear than a man without understanding.

16 Timber fastened and bound into a building will not be loosened by shaking. So a heart established at the right time on well-considered advice will not be afraid. 17 A heart settled on considered understanding is like an ornament of plaster on a polished wall. 18 Fences set on a high place will not stand against the wind, so a fearful heart guided by a fool’s imagination will not stand against any fear.

The Preservation of Friendship

19 He who pricks the eye will make tears fall. He who pricks the heart makes it show feeling. 20 Whoever throws a stone at birds scares them away. He who insults a friend will dissolve friendship. 21 If you have drawn a sword against a friend, don’t despair, for there may be a way back. 22 If you have opened your mouth against a friend, don’t be afraid, for there may be reconciliation, unless it is for insulting, arrogance, revealing a secret, or a treacherous blow, for these things any friend will flee.⁠

23 Gain trust with your neighbor in his poverty, so that you may be glad in his prosperity. Stay steadfast to him in his time of distress, so that you may share his inheritance. 24 Vapor and smoke from a furnace come before fire. So insults come before bloodshed. 25 I won’t be ashamed to shelter a friend. I won’t hide from him.⁠ 26 If any evil happens to me because of him, everyone who hears it will beware of him.⁠

A Prayer for Guarded Speech

27 Who will set a watch over my mouth, and a seal of shrewdness on my lips, so that I do not fall from it, and my tongue does not destroy me?

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 22:26 and Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 3.22

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

Sirach prays for protection, asking for a guard over the mouth and a seal upon the lips so that the tongue does not bring ruin. The Christian theologian Ambrose of Milan quotes this, showing how he used Sirach as an authoritative source for his teaching.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 22:26

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
25 I won’t be ashamed to shelter a friend.
I won’t hide from him.
26 If any evil happens to me because of him,
everyone who hears it will beware of him.
27 Who will set a watch over my mouth,
and a seal of shrewdness on my lips,
so that I do not fall from it,
and my tongue does not destroy me?
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 3.22

Early Christian
129 If necessary, let us endure for a friend even hardship. Often enmity has to be borne for the sake of a friend’s innocence; often revilings, if one defends and answers for a friend who is found fault with and accused. Do not be afraid of such displeasure, for the voice of the just says: Though evil come upon me, I will endure it for a friend’s sake. In adversity, too, a friend is proved, for in prosperity all seem to be friends. But as in adversity patience and endurance are needed, so in prosperity strong influence is wanted to check and confute the arrogance of a friend who becomes overbearing.
390–395 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 3

References

"... The Book of Ecclesiasticus [Sirach] has been honored still more highly among the Christians, being cited in the Epistle of James (Edersheim, in Wace, 'Apocrypha,' p. 21), the Didache (4:5), and the Epistle of Barnabas (19:9), while Clement of Alexandria and Origen quote from it repeatedly, as from a γραφή, or holy book. In the Western Church, Cyprian frequently appeals to it in his 'Testimonia,' as does Ambrose in the greater number of his writings. In like manner the Catalogue of Cheltenham, Damasus I., the Councils of Hippo (393) and Carthage (397), Pope Innocent I., the second Council of Carthage (419), and Augustine all regard it as a canonical book. This is contrary, however, to the opinions of the Council of Laodicea, of Jerome, and of Rufinus of Aquileia, which authorities rank it among the ecclesiastical books. It was finally declared canonical by the Council of Trent; and the favor with which the Church has always regarded it has preserved it in its entirety. ..."
Crawford Howell Toy, The Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach (Jewish Encyclopedia, 2021), 1–10.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 22:26 and Ambrose, On the Duty of the Clergy 3.22

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