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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

The Right Time to Speak

Chapter 20

1 There is a correction that comes at the wrong time, and there is a person who is wise enough to keep silent. 2 How good it is to correct someone rather than be angry. 3 He who confesses will be kept from harm. 4 Someone who carries out judgments with violence is like a eunuch who desires to take a virgin’s virginity. 5 There is one who keeps silent and is considered wise, and there is one who is hated for his excessive talk.⁠ 6 There is one who keeps silent, for he has no answer to give, and there is one who keeps silent, knowing when to speak. 7 A wise man will be silent until his time has come, but the braggart and fool will miss his time.⁠ 8 He who uses many words will be detested.⁠ He who takes authority for himself will be hated for it.⁠

Appearances and Reversals

9 There is a prosperity that a man finds in misfortunes, and there is a gain that turns to loss. 10 There is a gift that will not profit you, and there is a gift that pays back double. 11 There are losses because of glory, and there is one who has lifted up his head from a low position. 12 There is one who buys much for a little, and pays for it again seven times over. 13 He who is wise in words will make himself beloved, but the jokes of fools will be wasted.

14 The gift of a fool will not profit you, for he looks for repayment many times instead of one. 15 He will give little and insult much. He will open his mouth like a town crier. Today he will lend, and tomorrow he will ask for it back. Such a person is a hateful man. 16 The fool will say, “I have no friend, and I have no thanks for my good deeds. Those who eat my bread have an evil tongue.” 17 How often, and by how many people, will he be laughed at in contempt!

Careless Words and False Shame

18 A slip on a pavement is better than a slip with the tongue. So the fall of the wicked will come quickly. 19 A graceless man is like a story told at the wrong time. It will be continually in the mouth of the ignorant.⁠ 20 A parable from a fool’s mouth will be rejected, for he won’t tell it at the proper time.

21 There is one who is kept from sinning by poverty. When he rests, he will not be troubled. 22 There is one who destroys his soul through embarrassment. By a foolish expression, he will destroy it. 23 There is one who for embarrassment makes promises to his friend, and he makes him his enemy for nothing.

Lies and the Use of Wisdom

24 A lie is an ugly blot on a person. It will be continually in the mouth of the ignorant. 25 A thief is better than a man who is constantly lying, but they both will inherit destruction. 26 The end of a liar is dishonor. His shame is with him continually.

27 He who is wise in words will advance himself. And one who is prudent will please important men. 28 He who cultivates his land will raise his harvest high. He who pleases important men will get pardon for wrongdoing. 29 Favors and gifts blind the eyes of the wise, and turn away correction like a muzzle on the mouth. 30 What use is wisdom that is hidden,⁠ or treasure that is out of sight? 31 A man who hides his foolishness is better than a man who hides his wisdom.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 20:8 and Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor 2.6

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

The Christian theologian Clement of Alexandria uses Sirach as an authoritative source to teach about humility and controlling speech, demonstrating how the Jewish wisdom text influenced early Christian teaching and tradition.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 20:8

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
6 There is one who keeps silent, for he has no answer to give,
and there is one who keeps silent, knowing when to speak.
7 A wise man will be silent until his time has come,
but the braggart and fool will miss his time.
8 He who uses many words will be detested.
He who takes authority for himself will be hated for it.
9 There is a prosperity that a man finds in misfortunes,
and there is a gain that turns to loss.
10 There is a gift that will not profit you,
and there is a gift that pays back double.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor 2.6

Early Christian · Paedagogus
For neither are knee and leg, and such other members, nor are the names applied to them, and the activity put forth by them, obscene. And even the pudenda are to be regarded as objects suggestive of modesty, not shame. It is their unlawful activity that is shameful, and deserving ignominy, and reproach, and punishment. For the only thing that is in reality shameful is wickedness, and what is done through it. In accordance with these remarks, conversation about deeds of wickedness is appropriately termed filthy [shameful] speaking, as talk about adultery and pederasty and the like. Frivolous prating, too, is to be put to silence. For, it is said, in much speaking you shall not escape sin. Sins of the tongue, therefore, shall be punished. There is he who is silent, and is found wise; and there is he that is hated for much speech. But still more, the prater makes himself the object of disgust. For he that multiplies speech abominates his own soul.

References

"... The eighty-fifth of the Apostolical Canons gives a list of the books of the Hebrew Canon, and adds the first three books of the Maccabees and the Wisdom of Sirach; these last four are not, however, included in the Canon, though the Wisdom of Sirach is specially recommended for the instruction of the young. Again, in the Apostolical Constitutions, 6:14, 15, quotations from Sirach are given with the same formula as those from the books of the Hebrew Canon, but in the list given in 2:57 of the same work, there is no mention of any of the books of the Apocrypha ... The evidence of Clement of Alexandria is conflicting; in his Paedagogus he quotes very often from Sirach, and speaks of it as 'scripture', from which it would evidently appear that he regarded it as canonical Scripture; but, according to Eusebius, Clement reckoned Sirach among the 'Antilegomena', for in speaking of Clement's works he mentions the Stromateis, or 'Medleys', and says: 'He quotes in them passages from the disputed Scriptures, the so-called Wisdom of Solomon, for example, and of Jesus the son of Sirach, and the Epistle to the Hebrews, and those of Barnabas, Clement, and Jude ..."
R. H. Charles, The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament (Oxford University Press, 1913), 299.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 20:8 and Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor 2.6

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