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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Faithfulness in Trials

Chapter 2

1 My son, if you come to serve the Lord, prepare your soul for testing.⁠ 2 Set your heart right and endure steadily. Do not be hasty in a time of disaster. 3 Cling to him, and do not leave him, so that you may prosper at the end. 4 Accept whatever is brought on you, and be patient when you suffer humiliation.⁠ 5 For gold is tested in the fire, and people who are acceptable to God in the furnace of humiliation.⁠ 6 Put your trust in him, and he will help you. Make your ways straight, and set your hope on him.

Trust in God’s Mercy

7 All you who fear the Lord, wait for his mercy. Do not turn aside, so that you do not fall.⁠ 8 All you who fear the Lord, put your trust in him, and your reward will not fail. 9 All you who fear the Lord, hope for good things, and for eternal gladness and mercy. 10 Look at the generations of the past and see. Who ever put their trust in the Lord, and was put to shame? Or who continued to fear him and was abandoned? Or who called on him and was neglected? 11 For the Lord is full of compassion and mercy. He forgives sins and saves in time of distress.⁠

Warnings against Faithlessness

12 How terrible for fearful hearts, to powerless hands, and to the sinner who follows two paths! 13 How terrible for the fainthearted! For they do not believe, so they will not be protected. 14 How terrible for you who have lost your patience! And what will you all do when the Lord comes to you?

Those Who Fear the Lord

15 Those who fear the Lord will not disobey his words. Those who love him will keep his ways. 16 Those who fear the Lord will seek his good pleasure. Those who love him will be filled with the law. 17 Those who fear the Lord will prepare their hearts, and will humble their souls in his sight. 18 We will fall into the hands of the Lord, and not into the hands of people, for his mercy is as great as his majesty.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 34:6 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 2:11

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach quotes Exodus 34 to ground its view of mercy as a central statement about God’s character. Sirach presents its teaching as a continuation of Israel’s wisdom and theological tradition with the same authority.

Passages

Exodus 34:6

Hebrew Bible
5 The Lord descended in the cloud and stood with him there and proclaimed the Lord by name. 6 The Lord passed by before him and proclaimed:
“The Lord, the Lord,
the compassionate and gracious God,
slow to anger,
and abounding in loyal love and faithfulness
,
7 keeping loyal love for thousands,
forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin.
But he by no means leaves the guilty unpunished,
responding to the transgression of fathers
by dealing with children and children’s children,
to the third and fourth generation.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 2:11

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
10 Look at the generations of the past and see.
Who ever put their trust in the Lord, and was put to shame?
Or who continued to fear him and was abandoned?
Or who called on him and was neglected?
11 For the Lord is full of compassion and mercy.
He forgives sins and saves in time of distress.
12 How terrible for fearful hearts, to powerless hands,
and to the sinner who follows two paths!
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

References

"... In the reader-oriented approach, any marker can trigger a connection between texts, and readers are free to pursue any type of intertextual relationship they wish. For example, the theme of fire might induce an interpreter to read the story of “strange fire” in Leviticus 10 with passages about immolating children in the Book of Jeremiah, without implying that the latter borrowed from the former or vice versa ... The author-oriented approach, however, works on the principle that the author has purposely embedded markers in the alluding text, and the reader’s goal is to identify those markers and construe the alluding text in light of the evoked one. Authors have three main options at their disposal for creating such markers: explicit citation, direct allusion, and implicit allusion. (In addition, a text may sometimes employ an unmarked citation, as when Sirach 2:11 quotes Exodus 34:6, or when Sirach 24:23 cites Deuteronomy 33:4) ..."
Geoffrey David Miller, “Methodological Reflections for Future Intertextual Studies,” in Intertextual Explorations in Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature, ed. Jeremy Corley and Geoffrey David Miller (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2019), 319–343.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 34:6 and Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 2:11

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