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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

The Creator and Human Frailty

Chapter 18

1 He who lives forever created the whole universe.⁠ 2 The Lord alone is just. 4 He has not given anyone the power to declare his works. Who could trace out his mighty deeds? 5 Who could measure the strength of his majesty? Who could also proclaim his mercies? 6 As for the Lord’s wonderful works, it is not possible to take anything away from them, add anything to them,⁠ or explore them. 7 When a man has finished, he is only at the beginning. When he stops, he will be puzzled.

8 What is mankind, and what purpose do they serve? What is their good, and what is their evil?⁠ 9 A human life lasts at most a hundred years. 10 A few years in the day of eternity are like a drop of water from the sea and a pebble from the sand.⁠ 11 For this reason the Lord was patient with them, and poured out his mercy on them.⁠ 12 He saw and recognized that their end is evil. Therefore he multiplied his forgiveness.

13 The mercy of a man is on his neighbor, but the mercy of the Lord is on all flesh.⁠ He corrects, disciplines, teaches, and brings them back as a shepherd does his flock.⁠ 14 He has mercy on those who accept discipline, and diligently seek his judgments.

Kindness in Giving

15 My son, don’t add reproach to your good deeds, and do not add harsh words to any of your giving. 16 Doesn’t the dew relieve the scorching heat? So a word is better than a gift. 17 Look, isn’t a word better than a gift? Both are with a gracious person. 18 A fool is ungracious and abusive. The gift of a grudging person wears away the eyes.⁠

Foresight and Preparation

19 Learn before you speak. Take care of your health before you get sick. 20 Before judgment, examine yourself, and in the hour of scrutiny you will find forgiveness. 21 Humble yourself before you get sick. When you sin, repent. 22 Let nothing stop you from paying your vow on time. Don’t wait until death to be released. 23 Before you make a vow, prepare yourself. Don’t be like a man who tests the Lord.

24 Think about the anger coming in the days of the end, and the time of vengeance, when he turns away his face. 25 In times of plenty remember the time of hunger. Remember poverty and lack in the days of wealth. 26 From morning until evening, the time changes. All things are swift before the Lord. 27 A wise man is cautious in everything. In days of sinning, he will beware of offense. 28 Every man of understanding knows wisdom. He will give thanks to him who found her. 29 Those who understood sayings also became wise themselves, and poured out apt proverbs.

Self-Control and Moderation

30 Don’t go after your strong desires. Restrain your appetites.⁠ 31 If you give your soul all the pleasure she desires, she will make you the laughingstock of your enemies. 32 Don’t celebrate with excessive luxury,⁠ and don’t be tied to its expense. 33 Don’t become a beggar through feasting with borrowed money when you have nothing in your purse.

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 18:30 and Augustine, Confessions 10.31

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

Sirach urges people not to indulge desire and urges self-control, a theme the Christian theologian Augustine echoes in the Confessions. His use of Sirach, sometimes closer to the Greek rather than the Latin version, shows its authority.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 18:30

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
28 Every man of understanding knows wisdom.
He will give thanks to him who found her.
29 Those who understood sayings also became wise themselves,
and poured out apt proverbs.
30 Don’t go after your strong desires.
Restrain your appetites.
31 If you give your soul all the pleasure she desires,
she will make you the laughingstock of your enemies.
32 Don’t celebrate with excessive luxury,
and don’t be tied to its expense.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Augustine, Confessions 10.31

Early Christian
Many things that we pray for you give us, and whatever good we receive before we prayed for it, we receive it from you, so that we might afterward know that we did receive it from you. I was never a drunkard, but I have known drunkards made into sober men by you. It was also your doing that those who were never drunkards have not been—and likewise, it was from you that those who have been might not remain so always. And it was likewise from you that both might know from whom all this came. I heard another voice of yours: “Do not follow your lusts and refrain from your pleasures.” And by your favor I have also heard this saying in which I have taken much delight: “If we eat, we are no better; and if we do not eat, we are no worse.” This is to say that neither will the one make me abound, nor the other make me wretched. I heard still another voice: “For I have learned, in whatever state I am, to be content with it. I know how to be abased and I know how to abound. . .. I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me.”
397–400 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Augustine, Confessions 10

References

"... As to Augustine’s use of the Book of Ecclesiasticus, it is striking that more than once he quotes a text that is somewhat different from the Vetus Latina, which for the Book of Ben Sira, serves as the traditional Latin text. Since Augustine’s quotations from the Book of Ben Sira have more than once been brought in line with the Greek translation, a thorough investigation into this phenomenon is needed in order to find out whether he had (some) knowledge of the Greek text of the Book of Ecclesiasticus. Apart from Speculum in which Augustine for his quotations from the Book of Ben Sira usually follows the Latin, in his other works he rather frequently appears to correct the Latin Ben Sira quotations according to the Greek. An investigation into this intriguing question would be very useful. Such an in depth inquiry should also take into full consideration whether, and to what extent, St. Augustine has been influenced by a text type of Ecclesiasticus that was already used by St. Cyprian and has even been given its own siglum (K) by Thiele ..."
Pancratius C. Beentjes, “Saint Augustine's Sermons 38-41 on the Book of Ben Sira,” in The Scriptures of Israel in Jewish and Christian Tradition: Essays in Honour of Maarten J. J. Menken, ed. Bart Koet, Steven Moyise, and Joseph Verheyden, NovTSup 148 (Leiden: Brill, 2013), 81–94.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 18:30 and Augustine, Confessions 10.31

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