Go to Related Reading
About this book

Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

The Creator and Human Frailty

Chapter 18

1 He who lives forever created the whole universe.⁠ 2 The Lord alone is just. 4 He has not given anyone the power to declare his works. Who could trace out his mighty deeds? 5 Who could measure the strength of his majesty? Who could also proclaim his mercies? 6 As for the Lord’s wonderful works, it is not possible to take anything away from them, add anything to them,⁠ or explore them. 7 When a man has finished, he is only at the beginning. When he stops, he will be puzzled.

8 What is mankind, and what purpose do they serve? What is their good, and what is their evil?⁠ 9 A human life lasts at most a hundred years. 10 A few years in the day of eternity are like a drop of water from the sea and a pebble from the sand.⁠ 11 For this reason the Lord was patient with them, and poured out his mercy on them.⁠ 12 He saw and recognized that their end is evil. Therefore he multiplied his forgiveness.

13 The mercy of a man is on his neighbor, but the mercy of the Lord is on all flesh.⁠ He corrects, disciplines, teaches, and brings them back as a shepherd does his flock.⁠ 14 He has mercy on those who accept discipline, and diligently seek his judgments.

Kindness in Giving

15 My son, don’t add reproach to your good deeds, and do not add harsh words to any of your giving. 16 Doesn’t the dew relieve the scorching heat? So a word is better than a gift. 17 Look, isn’t a word better than a gift? Both are with a gracious person. 18 A fool is ungracious and abusive. The gift of a grudging person wears away the eyes.⁠

Foresight and Preparation

19 Learn before you speak. Take care of your health before you get sick. 20 Before judgment, examine yourself, and in the hour of scrutiny you will find forgiveness. 21 Humble yourself before you get sick. When you sin, repent. 22 Let nothing stop you from paying your vow on time. Don’t wait until death to be released. 23 Before you make a vow, prepare yourself. Don’t be like a man who tests the Lord.

24 Think about the anger coming in the days of the end, and the time of vengeance, when he turns away his face. 25 In times of plenty remember the time of hunger. Remember poverty and lack in the days of wealth. 26 From morning until evening, the time changes. All things are swift before the Lord. 27 A wise man is cautious in everything. In days of sinning, he will beware of offense. 28 Every man of understanding knows wisdom. He will give thanks to him who found her. 29 Those who understood sayings also became wise themselves, and poured out apt proverbs.

Self-Control and Moderation

30 Don’t go after your strong desires. Restrain your appetites.⁠ 31 If you give your soul all the pleasure she desires, she will make you the laughingstock of your enemies. 32 Don’t celebrate with excessive luxury,⁠ and don’t be tied to its expense. 33 Don’t become a beggar through feasting with borrowed money when you have nothing in your purse.

Continue to 1 Esdras

Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 18:10 and Augustine, City of God 12.12

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

Share:

Summary

Augustine echoes Sirach's image of a lifetime as a drop of sea water compared to eternity to answer people who ask why God did not create humans sooner, demonstrating how it informed his theology.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 18:10

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
8 What is mankind, and what purpose do they serve?
What is their good, and what is their evil?
9 A human life lasts at most a hundred years. 10 A few years in the day of eternity are like a drop of water from the sea
and a pebble from the sand.
11 For this reason the Lord was patient with them,
and poured out his mercy on them.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Augustine, City of God 12.12

Early Christian · On the City of God Against the Pagans
If it offends them that the time that has elapsed since the creation of man is so short, and his years so few according to our authorities, let them take this into consideration, that nothing that has a limit is long, and that all the ages of time being finite, are very little, or indeed nothing at all, when compared to endless eternity. Consequently, if there had elapsed since the creation of man, I do not say five or six, but even sixty or six hundred thousand years, or sixty times as many, or six hundred or six hundred thousand times as many, or this sum multiplied until it could no longer be expressed in numbers, the same question could still be put, Why was he not made before? For the past and boundless eternity during which God abstained from creating man is so great that, compare it with whatever vast and untold number of ages you please, as long as there is a definite conclusion of this term of time, it is not even as if you compared the minutest drop of water with the ocean that everywhere flows around the globe. For of these two, one indeed is very small, the other incomparably vast, yet both are finite; but that space of time which starts from some beginning, and is limited by some end, whatever its extent, if you compare it with what has no beginning, I do not know whether to say we should count it the very minutest thing, or nothing at all.
426 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Augustine, City of God 12

References

“... Perhaps because Church Fathers made wide use of the Greek and Latin versions of the book, the Hebrew work mostly dropped out of usage in rabbinic Judaism. [...] Within early Christianity, the Letter of Barnabas echoes Sir 5:12–14 about the danger of a double tongue, as well as the warning in Sir 4:31 against an ungenerous attitude (Barn. 19:7–9). Origen (d. 254 ce) quotes Ben Sira as scriptural when commenting on several OT passages (Gen 12:5; Josh 15:6; Jer 16:6). Clement of Alexandria (d. 215 ce) quotes about eighty Sirach verses, while John Chrysostom (d. 407 ce) includes about three hundred citations from the book. Augustine (d. 430 ce) not only cites Sirach about 300x, but also preached sermons on Sirach passages. Rabanus Maurus (d. 856 ce), abbot of Fulda in Germany, composed the earliest surviving Latin commentary on Sirach. ...”
Jeremy Corley, “Sirach,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Apocrypha, ed. Gerbern S. Oegema (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021), 300.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 18:10 and Augustine, City of God 12.12

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library