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Sirach

Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus

About this book

Wise Government

Chapter 10

1 A wise judge will instruct his people. The government of a man of understanding will be well ordered.⁠ 2 The officials of a people are like their judge. A city’s inhabitants are like its ruler. 3 An undisciplined king will destroy his people. A city will be established through the understanding of the powerful. 4 The government of the earth is in the Lord’s hand. At the right time, he will raise up the right person to rule over it.⁠ 5 A man’s prosperity is in the Lord’s hand. He will bestow his honor on the scribe.

Pride and Its Consequences

6 Don’t be angry with your neighbor for every wrong. Do nothing through violence. 7 Pride is hateful to the Lord and people. Arrogance is abhorrent in the judgment of both. 8 Sovereignty is transferred from nation to nation because of injustice, violence, and greed for money. There is no one more wicked than a greedy man, for he offers his own soul for sale.⁠ 9 Why are dirt and ashes proud? Because in life, my body decays.⁠ 10 A long disease mocks the physician. The king of today will die tomorrow. 11 For when a man is dead, he will inherit maggots, vermin, and worms.

12 Pride begins when a man turns away from the Lord. His heart has departed from him who made him.⁠ 13 For the beginning of pride is sin.⁠ Anyone who clings to it will overflow with detestable acts.⁠ For this reason the Lord brought extraordinary disasters on them and utterly overthrew them. 14 The Lord overturned the thrones of rulers and set the lowly in their place.⁠ 15 The Lord pulled up the roots of nations and planted the lowly in their place. 16 The Lord overthrew the lands of nations and destroyed them to the foundations of the earth. 17 He took some of them away and destroyed them, and erased their memory from the earth. 18 Pride has not been created for humans, or raging anger for the offspring of women.

Honor and Reverence

19 Whose offspring has honor? Human offspring who fear the Lord. Whose offspring has no honor? Human offspring who break the commandments. 20 Among relatives, their ruler has honor. Those who fear the Lord have honor in his eyes. 22 The rich man, the honorable, and the poor all boast in the fear of the Lord. 23 It is not right to dishonor a poor man who has understanding. It is not fitting to glorify a man who is a sinner. 24 The prince, the judge, and the powerful man will be honored. None of them is greater than someone who fears the Lord. 25 Free men will serve a wise servant. A man who has knowledge will not complain.

Humility and Self-Respect

26 Don’t flaunt your wisdom in doing your work. Don’t boast in the time of your distress. 27 Anyone who works and has plenty of everything is better than someone who boasts but lacks bread. 28 My son, glorify your soul in humility, and give yourself honor in keeping with your worth. 29 Who will justify him who sins against his own soul? Who will honor him who dishonors his own life?

30 A poor man is honored for his knowledge. A rich man is honored for his riches. 31 If someone is honored in poverty, how much more will he be honored in wealth? If someone is dishonored in wealth, how much more will he be dishonored in poverty?

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Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 10:12 and Augustine, City of God 12.6

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

Sirach's saying on how pride begins is about people who abandon God, but Augustine uses it as scripture to explain why some angels fell. In his interpretation, they abandoned God and turned toward themselves, which is what he calls pride.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 10:12

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
12 Pride begins when a man turns away from the Lord.
His heart has departed from him who made him.
13 For the beginning of pride is sin.
Anyone who clings to it will overflow with detestable acts.
For this reason the Lord brought extraordinary disasters on them
and utterly overthrew them.
14 The Lord overturned the thrones of rulers
and set the lowly in their place.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Augustine, City of God 12.6

Early Christian · On the City of God Against the Pagans
Thus the true cause of the blessedness of the good angels is found to be this, that they cling to Him who supremely is. And if we ask the cause of the misery of the bad, it occurs to us, and not unreasonably, that they are miserable because they have forsaken Him who supremely is, and have turned to themselves who have no such essence. And what else is this vice called but pride? For “pride is the beginning of sin.” Ecclesiastes 10:13 They were unwilling, then, to preserve their strength for God; and since clinging to God was the condition of their enjoying a fuller being, they diminished it by preferring themselves to Him.
426 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Augustine, City of God 12

References

“... With his identification of delight in one’s self—that is, pride—as the fundamental movement or orientation of sin, Augustine reconciled a certain division between patristic authors concerning whether the devil’s fall, and thus that of the demons, was due to pride (superbia) or envy (invidia), specifically envy of humanity having been made in the image of God. Augustine reasons that it is impossible that envy should precede pride as its cause, for envy, as the resentment of another’s superiority, presupposes a desire for one’s own superiority. Pride, as Augustine says, is the mother of envy. It is the fundamental logic of all sin, because every transgression presupposes a creature’s preference for its own will in opposition to God’s will for it. This sound reasoning is confirmed by Scripture: If instead [the mind] gets in its own way, so to speak, and it pleases it to imitate God perversely so that it wills to enjoy its own power, it becomes lesser to precisely the extent that it desires itself to be greater. Hence, ‘pride is the beginning of all sin’ and ‘the beginning of pride is when one departs [apostatare] from God’. [...] Lib. arb. 3.25.76, translation modified, citing Sir. 10:13 and 10:12 respectively. For his appeal to Sir. 10 to support pride as the beginning of sin, see s. 159B.11; cf. mus. 6.13.40; Gn. adu. Man. 2.5.6; ciu. 12.6; Gn. litt. 11.15.19. ...”
Gregory D. Wiebe, Fallen Angels in the Theology of St Augustine (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021), 58–59.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 10:12 and Augustine, City of God 12.6

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