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Jeremiah

About this book
Chapter 11

1 The Lord said to Jeremiah: 2 “Hear the terms of the covenant I made with Israel and pass them on to the people of Judah and the citizens of Jerusalem. 3 Tell them that the Lord, the God of Israel, says, ‘Anyone who does not keep the terms of the covenant will be under a curse. 4 Those are the terms that I charged your ancestors to keep when I brought them out of Egypt, that place that was like an iron-smelting furnace.⁠ I said at that time, “Obey me and carry out the terms of the covenant exactly as I commanded you. If you do, you will be my people and I will be your God. 5 Then I will keep the promise I swore on oath to your ancestors to give them a land flowing with milk and honey.” That is the very land that you still live in today.’” And I responded, “Amen. Let it be so, Lord.” 6 The Lord said to me, “Announce all the following words in the towns of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem: ‘Listen to the terms of my covenant with you and carry them out! 7 For I solemnly warned your ancestors to obey me. I warned them again and again, ever since I delivered them out of Egypt until this very day. 8 But they did not listen to me or pay any attention to me! Each one of them followed the stubborn inclinations of his own wicked heart. So I brought on them all the punishments threatened in the covenant because they did not carry out its terms as I commanded them to do.’”⁠ 9 The Lord said to me, “The people of Judah and the citizens of Jerusalem have plotted rebellion against me. 10 They have gone back to the evil ways of their ancestors of old who refused to obey what I told them. They, too, have paid allegiance to other gods and worshiped them. Both the nation of Israel and the nation of Judah have violated the covenant I made with their ancestors. 11 So I, the Lord, say this: ‘I will soon bring disaster on them that they will not be able to escape! When they cry out to me for help, I will not listen to them. 12 Then those living in the towns of Judah and in Jerusalem will go and cry out for help to the gods to whom they have been sacrificing. However, those gods will by no means be able to save them when disaster strikes them. 13 This is in spite of the fact that the people of Judah have as many gods as they have towns and the citizens of Jerusalem have set up as many altars to sacrifice to that disgusting god, Baal, as they have streets in the city!’ 14 But as for you, Jeremiah, do not pray for these people. Do not raise a cry of prayer for them. For I will not listen to them when they call out to me for help when disaster strikes them.” 15 The Lord says to the people of Judah, “What right do you have to be in my temple, my beloved people? Many of you have done wicked things. Can your acts of treachery be so easily canceled by sacred offerings that you take joy in doing evil even while you make them? 16 I, the Lord, once called you a thriving olive tree, one that produced beautiful fruit. But I will set you on fire, fire that will blaze with a mighty roar. Then all your branches will be good for nothing. 17 For though I, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, planted you in the land, I now decree that disaster will come on you because the nations of Israel and Judah have done evil and have made me angry by offering sacrifices to the god Baal.” 18 The Lord gave me knowledge, that I might have understanding. Then he showed me what the people were doing. 19 Before this I had been like a docile lamb ready to be led to the slaughter.⁠ I did not know they were making plans to kill me. I did not know they were saying, “Let’s destroy the tree along with its fruit! Let’s remove Jeremiah from the world of the living so people will not even be reminded of him anymore.” 20 So I said, “O Lord of Heaven’s Armies, you are a just judge! You examine people’s hearts and kidneys57. I want to see you pay them back for what they have done because I trust you to vindicate my cause.”⁠ 21 Then the Lord told me about some men from Anathoth who were threatening to kill me. They had threatened, “Stop prophesying in the name of the Lord or we will kill you!” 22 So the Lord of Heaven’s Armies said, “I will surely punish them! Their young men will be killed in battle. Their sons and daughters will die of starvation. 23 Not one of them will survive. I will bring disaster on those men from Anathoth who threatened you. A day of reckoning is coming for them.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 29:20 and Jeremiah 11:7

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Jeremiah echoes Deuteronomy's warnings about turning from the covenant, describing how disobedience leads to judgment and loss of divine favor. Later editors expanded the passage to show this covenant pattern continuing with the Torah at Israel's center.

Passages

Deuteronomy 29:20

Hebrew Bible
18 Beware that the heart of no man, woman, clan, or tribe among you turns away from the Lord our God today to pursue and serve the gods of those nations; beware that there is among you no root producing poisonous and bitter fruit. 19 When such a person hears the words of this oath he secretly blesses himself and says, ‘I will have peace though I continue to walk with a stubborn spirit.’ This will destroy the watered ground with the parched. 20 The Lord will be unwilling to forgive him, and his intense anger will rage against that man; all the curses written in this scroll will fall upon him, and the Lord will obliterate his name from memory. 21 The Lord will single him out for judgment from all the tribes of Israel according to all the curses of the covenant written in this scroll of the law. 22 The generation to come—your descendants who will rise up after you, as well as the foreigner who will come from distant places—will see the afflictions of that land and the illnesses that the Lord has brought on it.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Jeremiah 11:7

Hebrew Bible
5 Then I will keep the promise I swore on oath to your ancestors to give them a land flowing with milk and honey.” That is the very land that you still live in today.’” And I responded, “Amen. Let it be so, Lord.” 6 The Lord said to me, “Announce all the following words in the towns of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem: ‘Listen to the terms of my covenant with you and carry them out! 7 For I solemnly warned your ancestors to obey me. I warned them again and again, ever since I delivered them out of Egypt until this very day. 8 But they did not listen to me or pay any attention to me! Each one of them followed the stubborn inclinations of his own wicked heart. So I brought on them all the punishments threatened in the covenant because they did not carry out its terms as I commanded them to do.’” 9 The Lord said to me, “The people of Judah and the citizens of Jerusalem have plotted rebellion against me.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

References

"... It should not be overlooked, however, that there will be some continuity between the old and the new covenantal reality, too. What will not change is the addressee of the covenant: It is the “house of Israel” (33b). The singular – in contrast to the political entities “house of Israel and house of Judah” (31b) – indicates in all probability the expectation that in the future the people will finally be a unity. Furthermore, the content of the covenant will remain the same (as explained above in contrast to Schenker and others, this was generally not disputed by the Greek translator[s]). In other words: God’s Torah will be at the centre of the new covenant, just as it was in the centre of the old covenant. Supposedly, proto-Masoretic editors-scribes extensively reworked the older Jeremianic book edition, restructured the text (placing the oracles against the nations before Jeremiah 52), inserted longer passages (e.g., plusses like Masoretic text of Jeremiah 11:7–8a; 17:1–4; 33:14–26), changed the character of the book (strengthening the voice of the book narrator), and modified many passages in detail. Traces of such redactional activity can be discerned in the pericope of the new covenant, too ..."
Karin Finsterbusch, “The New Covenant for Israel in Jeremiah: Notes on the Different Textual Versions of the Pericope and Their Meaning,” in Covenant – Concepts of Berit, Diatheke, and Testamentum: Proceedings of the Conference at the Lanier Theological Library in Houston, Texas, November 2019, ed. Christian A. Eberhart and Wolfgang Kraus (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2023), 109–120.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 29:20 and Jeremiah 11:7

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