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About this book

James

About this book
Chapter 2

1 My brothers and sisters, do not show prejudice if you possess faith in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ.⁠ 2 For if someone comes into your assembly wearing a gold ring and fine clothing, and a poor person enters in filthy clothes, 3 do you pay attention to the one who is finely dressed and say, “You sit here in a good place,” and to the poor person, “You stand over there,” or “Sit on the floor”? 4 If so, have you not made distinctions among yourselves and become judges with evil motives? 5 Listen, my dear brothers and sisters! Did not God choose the poor in the world to be rich in faith and heirs of the kingdom that he promised to those who love him? 6 But you have dishonored the poor! Are not the rich oppressing you and dragging you into the courts? 7 Do they not blaspheme the good name of the one you belong to? 8 But if you fulfill the royal law as expressed in this scripture, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself,” you are doing well.⁠ 9 But if you show prejudice, you are committing sin and are convicted by the law as violators. 10 For the one who obeys the whole law but fails in one point has become guilty of all of it.⁠ 11 For he who said, “Do not commit adultery,” also said, “Do not murder.” Now if you do not commit adultery but do commit murder, you have become a violator of the law. 12 Speak and act as those who will be judged by a law that gives freedom.⁠ 13 For judgment is merciless for the one who has shown no mercy.⁠ But mercy triumphs over judgment.⁠ 14 What good is it, my brothers and sisters, if someone claims to have faith but does not have works? Can this kind of faith save him? 15 If a brother or sister is poorly clothed and lacks daily food, 16 and one of you says to them, “Go in peace, keep warm and eat well,” but you do not give them what the body needs, what good is it? 17 So also faith, if it does not have works, is dead being by itself. 18 But someone will say, “You have faith and I have works.” Show me your faith without works and I will show you faith by my works. 19 You believe that God is one; well and good. Even the demons believe that—and tremble with fear. 20 But would you like evidence, you empty fellow, that faith without works is useless? 21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered Isaac his son on the altar?⁠ 22 You see that his faith was working together with his works and his faith was perfected by works. 23 And the scripture was fulfilled that says, “Now Abraham believed God and it was counted to him for righteousness,” and he was called God’s friend.⁠ 24 You see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone. 25 And similarly, was not Rahab the prostitute also justified by works when she welcomed the messengers and sent them out by another way?⁠ 26 For just as the body without the spirit is dead, so also faith without works is dead.

Texts in conversation

Compare James 2:23 and Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 10:1

New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

1 Clement calls Abraham the friend, the same title James gives him, and bases it on the same evidence, that Abraham believed God and was counted righteous. 1 Clement follows the reading of James, connecting this more to his obedience than just faith.

Passages

James 2:23

New Testament
21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works when he offered Isaac his son on the altar? 22 You see that his faith was working together with his works and his faith was perfected by works. 23 And the scripture was fulfilled that says, “Now Abraham believed God and it was counted to him for righteousness,” and he was called God’s friend. 24 You see that a person is justified by works and not by faith alone.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in James

Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 10:1

Early Christian · First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians
1 Abraham, who was called the ‘friend,’ was found faithful because he obeyed the words of God. 2 Through obedience, he left his land, his family, and his father’s house, so that by leaving a small land, a weak family, and a humble home, he might inherit the promises of God. 3 For He said to him, ‘Go out from your land, from your family, and from your father’s house to the land that I will show you. I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you and magnify your name, and you shall be blessed. I will bless those who bless you, and I will curse those who curse you, and through you, all the tribes of the earth shall be blessed.’ 4 And again, when he was separated from Lot, God said to him, ‘Lift up your eyes and look—from where you are—to the north, the south, the east, and the west; for all the land that you see, I will give to you and your descendants forever.’
90–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Clement of Rome, 1 Clement

References

"... The second instance is Clement’s treatment of Abraham. The more obvious point of comparison here would seem to be Hebrews, for Clement lists Abraham among heroes of faithful obedience, beginning with Enoch and ending with Rahab (1 Clement 9:2-12:8 = Hebrews 11:5-31). He introduces the list, moreover, with language strongly reminiscent of Hebrews 11. But analysis shows that Clement does not follow Hebrews slavishly. In his presentation of Abraham, Lot, and Rahab, Clement goes into considerably more detail than does Hebrews, and uses the biblical text concerning these characters directly, with multiple citations from Genesis and Joshua. Why should we think to detect the influence of James? We notice that Clement deviates from Hebrews in the designation of Abraham as “friend of God” (1 Clement 10:1 = James 2:23), which is repeated in 17:2. James and Clement, moreover, both cite Genesis 15:6 verbatim, whereas Hebrews cites Genesis 15:5 but not 15:6. Finally, Abraham is praised by Clement for his “faith and hospitality” (10:7), which is carried also through the examples of Lot (11) and Rahab (12). The emphasis on hospitality draws Clement’s version closer to James than to Hebrews. ..."
Luke Timothy Johnson, The Letter of James: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary (New York: Doubleday, 1995), 74.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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James 2:23 and Clement of Rome, 1 Clement 10:1

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