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About this book

James

About this book
Chapter 1

1 From James, a slave of God and the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes dispersed abroad. Greetings! 2 My brothers and sisters, consider it nothing but joy when you fall into all sorts of trials,⁠ 3 because you know that the testing of your faith produces endurance. 4 And let endurance have its perfect effect, so that you will be perfect and complete, not deficient in anything. 5 But if anyone is deficient in wisdom, he should ask God, who gives to all generously and without reprimand, and it will be given to him. 6 But he must ask in faith without doubting,⁠ for the one who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed around by the wind.⁠ 7 For that person must not suppose that he will receive anything from the Lord,⁠ 8 since he is a double-minded individual, unstable in all his ways. 9 Now the believer of humble means should take pride in his high position. 10 But the rich person’s pride should be in his humiliation because he will pass away like a wildflower in the meadow.⁠ 11 For the sun rises with its heat and dries up the meadow; the petal of the flower falls off and its beauty is lost forever. So also the rich person in the midst of his pursuits will wither away. 12 Happy is the one who endures testing because when he has proven to be genuine, he will receive the crown of life that God promised to those who love him. 13 Let no one say when he is tempted, “I am tempted by God,” for God cannot be tempted by evil, and he himself tempts no one.⁠ 14 But each one is tempted when he is lured and enticed by his own desires.⁠ 15 Then when desire conceives, it gives birth to sin,⁠ and when sin is full grown, it gives birth to death. 16 Do not be led astray, my dear brothers and sisters. 17 All generous giving and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or the slightest hint of change.⁠ 18 By his sovereign plan he gave us birth through the message of truth, that we would be a kind of firstfruits of all he created. 19 Understand this, my dear brothers and sisters! Let every person be quick to listen, slow to speak, slow to anger.⁠ 20 For human anger does not accomplish God’s righteousness. 21 So put away all filth and evil excess and humbly welcome the message implanted within you, which is able to save your souls.⁠ 22 But be sure you live out the message and do not merely listen to it and so deceive yourselves.⁠ 23 For if someone merely listens to the message and does not live it out, he is like someone who gazes at his own face in a mirror.⁠ 24 For he gazes at himself and then goes out and immediately forgets what sort of person he was. 25 But the one who peers into the perfect law of liberty and fixes his attention there, and does not become a forgetful listener but one who lives it out—he will be blessed in what he does.⁠ 26 If someone thinks he is religious yet does not bridle his tongue, and so deceives his heart, his religion is futile. 27 Pure and undefiled religion before God the Father is this: to care for orphans and widows in their adversity⁠ and to keep oneself unstained by the world.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare James 1:8 and Shepherd of Hermas 34:1

New Testament · Early Christian

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Summary

The Shepherd of Hermas links double-mindedness to anger, teaching that patience can thrive in many situations, but anger undermines stability. This is likely based on James, which describes the double-minded person as unstable in everything they do.

Passages

James 1:8

New Testament
5 But if anyone is deficient in wisdom, he should ask God, who gives to all generously and without reprimand, and it will be given to him. 6 But he must ask in faith without doubting, for the one who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed around by the wind. 7 For that person must not suppose that he will receive anything from the Lord, 8 since he is a double-minded individual, unstable in all his ways. 9 Now the believer of humble means should take pride in his high position. 10 But the rich person’s pride should be in his humiliation because he will pass away like a wildflower in the meadow. 11 For the sun rises with its heat and dries up the meadow; the petal of the flower falls off and its beauty is lost forever. So also the rich person in the midst of his pursuits will wither away.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in James

Shepherd of Hermas 34:1

Early Christian
1 “Now listen,” he said, “to how anger works, how evil it is, how it ruins the servants of God by its own actions, and how it leads them away from righteousness. But it does not mislead those who are complete in the faith, nor can it act on them, because the power of the Lord is with them; but it misleads those who are empty and double-minded. 2 For when it sees such people in prosperity, it sneaks into the person’s heart, and for no reason at all the man or the woman is embittered about worldly affairs—maybe about food, or some small matter, or about some friend, or about giving or receiving, or about trivial things like that. For all these things are foolish and pointless and senseless and not useful for the servants of God.
90–140 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Shepherd of Hermas

References

"... One of the most frequent phrases in The Shepherd of Hermas is the Greek adjective δἰψυχος (“doublemindedness”). While the adjective occurs nineteen times, its cognate verb διψυχεῑν (“to be doubleminded”) occurs twenty times and the substantive διψυχἰα (“doubleminded”) occurs in as many as sixteen times. Indeed, the number of the occurrences of this term in The Shepherd is staggering, given the fact that the term occurs only ten times in all the other early Christian writings combined up to this time (that is, in James 1:8; 4:8, Didache 4.4; Baruch 19.5; 1 Clement 11.2; 23.2-3, 2 Clement 11:2; 23.5; 19.2) ... (as Bauckham notes, “It may be noted that in Vision IV δίψυχος is closer to its meaning in James 1:8 and in the prophetic sayings quoted in 1 Clement 23.2 and 2 Clement 11.2 than is usual in Hermas: the danger of becoming doubleminded, i.e. of wavering in faith under the threat of persecution ..."
Jeremiah Mutie, The Identity of the Διψυχος in the Shepherd of Hermas (Faculty Publications and Presentations, 2011), 1–18.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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James 1:8 and Shepherd of Hermas 34:1

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