Go to Related Reading
About this book

Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 9

1 The gloom will be dispelled for those who were anxious. In earlier times he humiliated the land of Zebulun, and the land of Naphtali; but now he brings honor to the way of the sea, the region beyond the Jordan, and Galilee of the nations.⁠ 2 (9:1) The people walking in darkness see a bright light; light shines on those⁠ who live in a land of deep darkness.⁠ 3 You have enlarged the nation; you give them great joy. They rejoice in your presence as harvesters rejoice; as warriors celebrate when they divide up the plunder. 4 For their oppressive yoke and the club that strikes their shoulders, the cudgel the oppressor uses on them, you have shattered, as in the day of Midian’s defeat. 5 Indeed every boot that marches and shakes the earth and every garment dragged through blood is used as fuel for the fire. 6 For a child has been born to us, a son has been given to us. He shoulders responsibility and is called Wonderful Adviser, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.⁠ 7 His dominion will be vast, and he will bring immeasurable prosperity. He will rule on David’s throne and over David’s kingdom, establishing it and strengthening it by promoting justice and fairness, from this time forward and forevermore. The zeal of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies will accomplish this. 8 The Lord decreed judgment on Jacob, and it fell on Israel. 9 All the people were aware of it, the people of Ephraim and those living in Samaria. Yet with pride and an arrogant attitude, they said, 10 “The bricks have fallen, but we will rebuild with chiseled stone; the sycamore fig trees have been cut down, but we will replace them with cedars.”⁠ 11 Then the Lord provoked their adversaries to attack them, he stirred up their enemies— 12 Syria from the east, and the Philistines from the west; they gobbled up Israelite territory. Despite all this, his anger does not subside, and his hand is ready to strike again. 13 The people did not return to the one who struck them, they did not seek reconciliation with the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 14 So the Lord cut off Israel’s head and tail, both the shoots and stalk in one day. 15 The leaders and the highly respected people are the head, the prophets who teach lies are the tail. 16 The leaders of this nation were misleading people, and the people being led were destroyed. 17 So the Lord was not pleased with their young men, he took no pity on their orphans and widows; for the whole nation was godless and did wicked things, every mouth was speaking disgraceful words. Despite all this, his anger does not subside, and his hand is ready to strike again. 18 For evil burned like a fire, it consumed thorns and briers; it burned up the thickets of the forest, and they went up in smoke. 19 Because of the anger of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the land was scorched, and the people became fuel for the fire. People had no compassion on one another. 20 They devoured on the right, but were still hungry; they ate on the left, but were not satisfied. People even ate the flesh of their own arm! 21 Manasseh fought against Ephraim, and Ephraim against Manasseh; together they fought against Judah. Despite all this, his anger does not subside, and his hand is ready to strike again.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 9:6 and LXX Isaiah 9:5

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

Share:

Summary

In Isaiah 9, the child is given titles like “Mighty God”, “Everlasting Father,” and “Prince of Peace.” The Greek Septuagint translation, perhaps theologically motivated, changes these to a single title, “Angel of Great Counsel.”
Read more about this (opens in a new tab)

Passages

Isaiah 9:6

Hebrew Bible
4 For their oppressive yoke and the club that strikes their shoulders, the cudgel the oppressor uses on them, you have shattered, as in the day of Midian’s defeat. 5 Indeed every boot that marches and shakes the earth and every garment dragged through blood is used as fuel for the fire. 6 For a child has been born to us, a son has been given to us. He shoulders responsibility and is called Wonderful Adviser, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. 7 His dominion will be vast, and he will bring immeasurable prosperity. He will rule on David’s throne and over David’s kingdom, establishing it and strengthening it by promoting justice and fairness, from this time forward and forevermore. The zeal of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies will accomplish this. 8 The Lord decreed judgment on Jacob, and it fell on Israel.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

LXX Isaiah 9:5

Septuagint
3 Because the yoke that was laid upon them has been taken away, and the rod that was on their neck: for the Lord has broken the rod of the exactors, as in the day of Midian. 4 For they shall compensate for every garment that has been acquired by deceit, and all clothing with restitution; and they shall be willing, even if they were burnt with fire. 5 For a child is born to us, and a son is given to us, whose government is upon his shoulder: and his name is called the Angel of great counsel: for I will bring peace upon the princes, peace and health to him. 6 His government shall be great, and of his peace there is no end: it shall be upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to establish it, and to support it with righteousness and with judgment, from now and forever. The zeal of the Lord of hosts shall perform this. 7 The Lord has sent death upon Jacob, and it has come upon Israel.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Isaiah

References

"... In stark contrast to the Masoretic text and 1QIsaa, the LXX only ascribes one name to the son: Μεγάλης βουλῆς ἄγγελος (“Messenger of Great Counsel” or “Angel of Great Counsel”) (Isaiah 9:5). The son’s rule will be great and peaceful (Isaiah 9:7). David’s kingdom will be established with justice and righteousness forevermore (Isaiah 9:7). God will work through the Davidic son’s reign (Isaiah 9:7) ..."
Christopher Winchester, “Thematic Association in the Gospel of Matthew: Situating Exegesis in the Gospel of Matthew in Its Second Temple Context” (PhD diss., University of Edinburgh, 2017), 230.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Tags

Your feedback

Comments

  • Why is there a difference in the text?

    Salvester Afrika, February 18, 2025

Isaiah 9:6 and LXX Isaiah 9:5

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library