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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 58

1 “Shout loudly! Don’t be quiet! Yell as loudly as a trumpet! Confront my people with their rebellious deeds; confront Jacob’s family with their sin. 2 They seek me day after day; they want to know my requirements, like a nation that does what is right and does not reject the law of their God. They ask me for just decrees; they want to be near God. 3 They lament, ‘Why don’t you notice when we fast? Why don’t you pay attention when we humble ourselves?’ Look, at the same time you fast, you satisfy your selfish desires, you oppress your workers. 4 Look, your fasting is accompanied by arguments, brawls, and fistfights. Do not fast as you do today, trying to make your voice heard in heaven. 5 Is this really the kind of fasting I want? Do I want a day when people merely humble themselves, bowing their heads like a reed and stretching out on sackcloth and ashes? Is this really what you call a fast, a day that is pleasing to the Lord? 6 No, this is the kind of fast I want: I want you to remove the sinful chains, to tear away the ropes of the burdensome yoke, to set free the oppressed, and to break every burdensome yoke. 7 I want you to share your food with the hungry⁠ and to provide shelter for homeless, oppressed people. When you see someone naked, clothe them!⁠ Don’t turn your back on your own flesh and blood. 8 Then your light will shine like the sunrise; your restoration will quickly arrive; your godly behavior will go before you, and the Lord’s splendor will be your rear guard. 9 Then you will call out, and the Lord will respond; you will cry out, and he will reply, ‘Here I am.’ You must remove the burdensome yoke from among you and stop pointing fingers and speaking sinfully.⁠ 10 You must actively help the hungry and feed the oppressed. Then your light will dispel the darkness, and your darkness will be transformed into noonday. 11 The Lord will continually lead you; he will feed you even in parched regions. He will give you renewed strength, and you will be like a well-watered garden, like a spring that continually produces water.⁠ 12 Your perpetual ruins will be rebuilt; you will reestablish the ancient foundations. You will be called, ‘The one who repairs broken walls, the one who makes the streets inhabitable again.’ 13 You must observe the Sabbath rather than doing anything you please on my holy day. You must look forward to the Sabbath and treat the Lord’s holy day with respect. You must treat it with respect by refraining from your normal activities and by refraining from your selfish pursuits and from making business deals. 14 Then you will find joy in your relationship to the Lord, and I will give you great prosperity, and cause crops to grow on the land I gave to your ancestor Jacob.” Know for certain that the Lord has spoken.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 15:7 and Isaiah 58:7

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah 58 echoes Deuteronomy 15 by urging generosity toward the poor and using singular forms in Hebrew that stress personal responsibility. Both present care for the needy as an individual obligation rather than just a communal duty.

Passages

Deuteronomy 15:7

Hebrew Bible
6 For the Lord your God will bless you just as he has promised; you will lend to many nations but will not borrow from any, and you will rule over many nations but they will not rule over you. 7 If a fellow Israelite from one of your villages in the land that the Lord your God is giving you should be poor, you must not harden your heart or be insensitive to his impoverished condition. 8 Instead, you must be sure to open your hand to him and generously lend him whatever he needs.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Isaiah 58:7

Hebrew Bible
6 No, this is the kind of fast I want: I want you to remove the sinful chains, to tear away the ropes of the burdensome yoke, to set free the oppressed, and to break every burdensome yoke. 7 I want you to share your food with the hungry and to provide shelter for homeless, oppressed people. When you see someone naked, clothe them! Don’t turn your back on your own flesh and blood. 8 Then your light will shine like the sunrise; your restoration will quickly arrive; your godly behavior will go before you, and the Lord’s splendor will be your rear guard.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

References

"... As stated earlier, the Tanakh often addresses the individual rather than the community when stating requirements for supporting the poor. For example, in Isaiah (58:7) we read ... And Deuteronomy (15:7-8) requires ... The English translation of these texts conceals the singular form of these instructions in the Hebrew text. Encouragement to independently support the poor also appears in numerous rabbinic texts. Such personal assistance may be directed at relatives, friends and neighbors. We have already mentioned the stories about Hillel, who provided a horse and a slave for a poor person from a good family. The narrative of Rabbi Yonah, whose sensitive “loan” was later revealed to be a gift to a poor person from a good family, may also be included in this category. These stories indicate that private support was often given to poor persons with high status. This may be the case since individual support is nearly the only category of giving for which the relative poor are eligible, according to the model presented in the Mishnah. In contrast to communal assistance, private gifts also guaranteed a much higher level of confidentiality. Thus, since rabbinic texts from the land of Israel assume that the relative poor who required support experienced greater levels of shame than the ordinary poor, such giving added extra protection for their dignity. However, the relative poor were not the exclusive recipients of private support ..."
Yael Wilfand, “Poverty, Charity and the Image of the Poor in Rabbinic Texts from the Land of Israel” (PhD diss., Duke University, 2011), 240–241.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 15:7 and Isaiah 58:7

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