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Deuteronomy

About this book
Chapter 15

1 At the end of every seven years you must declare a cancellation of debts.⁠ 2 This is the nature of the cancellation: Every creditor must remit what he has loaned to another person;⁠ he must not force payment from his fellow Israelite, for it is to be recognized as “the Lord’s cancellation of debts.” 3 You may exact payment from a foreigner, but whatever your fellow Israelite owes you, you must remit. 4 However, there should not be any poor among you, for the Lord will surely bless you in the land that he is giving you as an inheritance, 5 if you carefully obey him by keeping all these commandments that I am giving you today. 6 For the Lord your God will bless you just as he has promised; you will lend to many nations but will not borrow from any, and you will rule over many nations but they will not rule over you. 7 If a fellow Israelite from one of your villages in the land that the Lord your God is giving you should be poor, you must not harden your heart or be insensitive to his impoverished condition.⁠ 8 Instead, you must be sure to open your hand to him and generously lend him whatever he needs. 9 Be careful lest you entertain the wicked thought that the seventh year, the year of cancellation of debts, has almost arrived, and your attitude be wrong toward your impoverished fellow Israelite and you do not lend him anything; he will cry out to the Lord against you,⁠ and you will be regarded as having sinned.⁠ 10 You must by all means lend to him and not be upset by doing it, for because of this the Lord your God will bless you in all your work and in everything you attempt. 11 There will never cease to be some poor people in the land; therefore, I am commanding you to make sure you open your hand to your fellow Israelites who are needy and poor in your land.⁠ 12 If your fellow Hebrew—whether male or female—is sold to you and serves you for six years, then in the seventh year you must let that servant go free.⁠ 13 If you set them free, you must not send them away empty-handed. 14 You must supply them generously from your flock, your threshing floor, and your winepress—as the Lord your God has blessed you, you must give to them. 15 Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt and the Lord your God redeemed you; therefore, I am commanding you to do this thing today. 16 However, if the servant says to you, “I do not want to leave you,” because he loves you and your household, since he is well off with you, 17 you shall take an awl and pierce a hole through his ear to the door. Then he will become your servant permanently (this applies to your female servant as well). 18 You should not consider it difficult to let him go free, for he will have served you for six years, twice the time of a hired worker; the Lord your God will bless you in everything you do. 19 You must set apart for the Lord your God every firstborn male born to your herds and flocks. You must not work the firstborn of your bulls or shear the firstborn of your flocks. 20 You and your household must eat them annually before the Lord your God in the place he chooses. 21 If one of them has any kind of blemish—lameness, blindness, or anything else—you may not offer it as a sacrifice to the Lord your God.⁠ 22 You may eat it in your villages, whether you are ritually impure or clean, just as you would eat a gazelle or an ibex. 23 However, you must not eat its blood; you must pour it out on the ground like water.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 15:7 and Isaiah 58:7

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah 58 echoes Deuteronomy 15 by urging generosity toward the poor and using singular forms in Hebrew that stress personal responsibility. Both present care for the needy as an individual obligation rather than just a communal duty.

Passages

Deuteronomy 15:7

Hebrew Bible
6 For the Lord your God will bless you just as he has promised; you will lend to many nations but will not borrow from any, and you will rule over many nations but they will not rule over you. 7 If a fellow Israelite from one of your villages in the land that the Lord your God is giving you should be poor, you must not harden your heart or be insensitive to his impoverished condition. 8 Instead, you must be sure to open your hand to him and generously lend him whatever he needs.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Isaiah 58:7

Hebrew Bible
6 No, this is the kind of fast I want: I want you to remove the sinful chains, to tear away the ropes of the burdensome yoke, to set free the oppressed, and to break every burdensome yoke. 7 I want you to share your food with the hungry and to provide shelter for homeless, oppressed people. When you see someone naked, clothe them! Don’t turn your back on your own flesh and blood. 8 Then your light will shine like the sunrise; your restoration will quickly arrive; your godly behavior will go before you, and the Lord’s splendor will be your rear guard.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

References

"... As stated earlier, the Tanakh often addresses the individual rather than the community when stating requirements for supporting the poor. For example, in Isaiah (58:7) we read ... And Deuteronomy (15:7-8) requires ... The English translation of these texts conceals the singular form of these instructions in the Hebrew text. Encouragement to independently support the poor also appears in numerous rabbinic texts. Such personal assistance may be directed at relatives, friends and neighbors. We have already mentioned the stories about Hillel, who provided a horse and a slave for a poor person from a good family. The narrative of Rabbi Yonah, whose sensitive “loan” was later revealed to be a gift to a poor person from a good family, may also be included in this category. These stories indicate that private support was often given to poor persons with high status. This may be the case since individual support is nearly the only category of giving for which the relative poor are eligible, according to the model presented in the Mishnah. In contrast to communal assistance, private gifts also guaranteed a much higher level of confidentiality. Thus, since rabbinic texts from the land of Israel assume that the relative poor who required support experienced greater levels of shame than the ordinary poor, such giving added extra protection for their dignity. However, the relative poor were not the exclusive recipients of private support ..."
Yael Wilfand, “Poverty, Charity and the Image of the Poor in Rabbinic Texts from the Land of Israel” (PhD diss., Duke University, 2011), 240–241.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 15:7 and Isaiah 58:7

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