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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 51

1 “Listen to me, you who pursue godliness, who seek the Lord. Look at the rock from which you were chiseled, at the quarry from which you were dug. 2 Look at Abraham, your father, and Sarah, who gave you birth. When I summoned him, he was a lone individual, but I blessed him and gave him numerous descendants.⁠ 3 Certainly the Lord will console Zion; he will console all her ruins. He will make her wilderness like Eden, her arid rift valley like the garden of the Lord. Happiness and joy will be restored to her, thanksgiving and the sound of music.⁠ 4 Pay attention to me, my people. Listen to me, my people! For I will issue a decree, I will make my justice a light to the nations.⁠ 5 I am ready to vindicate, I am ready to deliver, I will establish justice among the nations. The coastlands wait patiently for me; they wait in anticipation for the revelation of my power. 6 Look up at the sky. Look at the earth below.⁠ For the sky will dissipate like smoke, and the earth will wear out like clothes;⁠ its residents will die like gnats. But the deliverance I give is permanent; the vindication I provide will not disappear. 7 Listen to me, you who know what is right, you people who have my law in their heart.22⁠ Don’t be afraid of the insults of men; don’t be discouraged because of their abuse. 8 For a moth will eat away at them like clothes; a clothes moth will devour them like wool. But the vindication I provide will be permanent; the deliverance I give will last.” 9 Wake up! Wake up! Clothe yourself with strength, O arm of the Lord!⁠ Wake up as in former times, as in antiquity.⁠ Did you not smash Rahab?26 Did you not wound the sea monster?⁠ 10 Did you not dry up the sea, the waters of the great deep? Did you not make a path through the depths of the sea, so those delivered from bondage could cross over? 11 Those whom the Lord has ransomed will return; they will enter Zion with a happy shout. Unending joy will crown them, happiness and joy will overwhelm them; grief and suffering will disappear. 12 “I, I am the one who consoles you. Why are you afraid of mortal men, of mere human beings who are as short-lived as grass? 13 Why do you forget the Lord, who made you, who stretched out the sky and founded the earth?⁠ Why do you constantly tremble all day long at the anger of the oppressor, when he makes plans to destroy? Where is the anger of the oppressor? 14 The one who suffers will soon be released; he will not die in prison, he will not go hungry. 15 I am the Lord your God, who churns up the sea so that its waves surge. The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is his name! 16 “I commission you as my spokesman; I cover you with the palm of my hand to establish the sky and to found the earth, to say to Zion, ‘You are my people.’”⁠ 17 Wake up! Wake up! Get up, O Jerusalem! You drank from the cup the Lord passed to you, which was full of his anger. You drained dry the goblet full of intoxicating wine.⁠ 18 There was no one to lead her among all the children she bore; there was no one to take her by the hand among all the children she raised. 19 These double disasters confronted you. But who feels sorry for you? Destruction and devastation, famine and sword. But who consoles you? 20 Your children faint; they lie at the head of every street like an antelope in a snare. They are left in a stupor by the Lord’s anger, by the battle cry of your God. 21 So listen to this, oppressed one, who is drunk, but not from wine. 22 This is what your Sovereign Lord, even your God who judges his people says: “Look, I have removed from your hand the cup of intoxicating wine, the goblet full of my anger. You will no longer have to drink it.⁠ 23 I will put it into the hand of your tormentors who said to you, ‘Lie down, so we can walk over you.’⁠ You made your back like the ground and like the street for those who walked over you.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 51:9 and 3 Enoch 48A:3

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Isaiah, the people ask God to awake and rescue them. In 3 Enoch, righteous souls in heaven appeal to God, continuing Isaiah's prayer for Jerusalem even in death.

Passages

Isaiah 51:9

Hebrew Bible
9 Wake up! Wake up! Clothe yourself with strength, O arm of the Lord! Wake up as in former times, as in antiquity. Did you not smash Rahab?26 Did you not wound the sea monster? 10 Did you not dry up the sea, the waters of the great deep? Did you not make a path through the depths of the sea, so those delivered from bondage could cross over? 11 Those whom the Lord has ransomed will return; they will enter Zion with a happy shout. Unending joy will crown them, happiness and joy will overwhelm them; grief and suffering will disappear. 12 “I, I am the one who consoles you. Why are you afraid of mortal men, of mere human beings who are as short-lived as grass?
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

3 Enoch 48A:3

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
2 And I went by his side and he took me by his hand and showed me (the Right Hand of MAQOM), with all manner of praise, rejoicing and song: and no mouth can tell its praise, and no eye can behold it, because of its greatness, dignity, majesty, glory and beauty. 3 And not only that, but all the souls of the righteous who are counted worthy to behold the joy of Jerusalem, they are standing by it, praising and praying before it three times every day, saying (Is. li. 9): "Awake, awake, put on strength, arm of the Lord" according as it is written (Is. lxiii. 12): "He caused his glorious arm to go at the right hand of Moses".
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... Another passage in 3 Enoch describes the ‘brilliant right hand of God’, which is ‘drawn back’ because of the destruction of the Temple, alluding to the text of Lamentations 2: 3: ‘He has drawn back His right hand from before the enemy; He has burned up Jacob like a flaming fire, consuming all around.’ This image symbolizes God’s decision not to use his ‘outstretched arm’ to deliver his people during this period. The author of 3 Enoch relates further that ‘all the souls of the righteous, those who are worthy to see the joy of Jerusalem’, appear before this divine arm with praise, and ‘ask for mercy from before it [her]’ three times every day: ‘Awake, awake, clothe yourself with splendour, O arm of the Lord’ (Isa. 51: 9).24 Thus, in this later apocalyptic text the souls of the righteous serve an important intercessory function: they request mercy for Jerusalem during the period of God’s wrath. ...”
Paul Mandel, “The Sacrifice of the Souls of the Righteous upon the Heavenly Altar: Transformations of Apocalyptic Traditions in Medieval Ashkenaz,” in Regional Identities and Cultures of Medieval Jews, ed. Talya Fishman Javier Castaño and Ephraim Kanarfogel (London: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2018), 58.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 51:9 and 3 Enoch 48A:3

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