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3 Enoch

Hebrew Book of Enoch

About this book
Chapter 48A

1 R. Ishmael said: Metatron said to me: Come, and I will show you the Right Hand of MAQOM, laid behind (Him) because of the destruction of the Holy Temple;⁠ from which all kinds of splendour and light shine forth and by which the 955 heavens were created; and whom not even the Seraphim and the 'Ophannim are permitted (to behold), until the day of salvation shall arrive. 2 And I went by his side and he took me by his hand and showed me (the Right Hand of MAQOM), with all manner of praise, rejoicing and song: and no mouth can tell its praise, and no eye can behold it, because of its greatness, dignity, majesty, glory and beauty. 3 And not only that, but all the souls of the righteous who are counted worthy to behold the joy of Jerusalem, they are standing by it, praising and praying before it three times every day, saying (Is. li. 9): "Awake, awake, put on strength, arm of the Lord"⁠ according as it is written (Is. lxiii. 12): "He caused his glorious arm to go at the right hand of Moses". 4 In that moment the Right Hand of MAQOM was weeping. And there went forth from its five fingers five rivers of tears and fell down into the great sea and shook the whole world, according as it is written (Is. xxiv. 19, 20): "The earth is utterly broken (1), the earth is clean dissolved (2), the earth is moved exceedingly (3), the earth shall stagger like a drunken man (4) and shall be moved to and fro like a hut (5)", five times corresponding to the fingers of his Great Right Hand. 5 But when the Holy One, blessed be He, sees, that there is no righteous man in the generation, and no pious man (Chasid) on earth, and no justice in the hands of men; and (that there is) no man like Moses, and no intercessor as Samuel who could pray before MAQOM for the salvation and for the deliverance, and for His Kingdom, that it be revealed in the whole world; and for His great Right Hand that He put it before Himself again to work great salvation by it for Israel, 6 then at once will the Holy One, blessed be He, remember His own justice, favour, mercy and grace: and He will deliver His great Arm by himself, and His righteousness will support Him. According as it is written (Is. lix. 16): "And he saw, that there was no man" (that is:) like Moses who prayed countless times for Israel in the desert and averted the (Divine) decrees from them; "and he wondered, that there was no intercessor" like Samuel who entreated the Holy One, blessed be He, and called to Him and he answered him and fulfilled his desire, even if it was not fit (in accordance with the Divine plan), according as it is written (1 Sam. xii. 17): "Is it not wheat-harvest to-day? I will call to the Lord". 7 And not only that, but He joined fellowship with Moses in every place, as it is written (Ps. xcix. 6): "Moses and Aaron among His priests."⁠ And again it is written (Jer. xv. 1): "Though Moses and Samuel stood before me"⁠ (Is. lxiii. 5): "My own arm brought salvation to me". 8 Said the Holy One, blessed be He, in that hour: "How long shall I wait for the children of men to work salvation according to their righteousness for my arm? For my own sake and for the sake of my merit and righteousness will I deliver my arm and by it redeem my children from among the nations of the world.⁠ As it is written (Is. xlviii. 11): "For my own sake will I do it. For how should my name be profaned". 9 In that moment will the Holy One, blessed be He, reveal His Great Arm and show it to the nations of the world: for its length is as the length of the world and its breadth is as the width of the world. And the appearance of its splendour is like the splendour of the sunshine in its might, in the summer solstice. 10 At once Israel will be saved from among the nations of the world. And Messiah will appear to them and He will bring them up to Jerusalem with great joy. And not only that but Israel will come from the four quarters of the World and eat with Messiah. But the nations of the world shall not eat with them, as it is written (Is. lii. 10): "The Lord has made bare his holy arm in the eyes of all the nations; and all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our God". And again (Deut. xxxii. 12): "The Lord alone did lead him, and there was no strange god with him". (Zech. xiv. 9): "And the Lord shall be king over all the earth".

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 51:9 and 3 Enoch 48A:3

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

In Isaiah, the people ask God to awake and rescue them. In 3 Enoch, righteous souls in heaven appeal to God, continuing Isaiah's prayer for Jerusalem even in death.

Passages

Isaiah 51:9

Hebrew Bible
9 Wake up! Wake up! Clothe yourself with strength, O arm of the Lord! Wake up as in former times, as in antiquity. Did you not smash Rahab?26 Did you not wound the sea monster? 10 Did you not dry up the sea, the waters of the great deep? Did you not make a path through the depths of the sea, so those delivered from bondage could cross over? 11 Those whom the Lord has ransomed will return; they will enter Zion with a happy shout. Unending joy will crown them, happiness and joy will overwhelm them; grief and suffering will disappear. 12 “I, I am the one who consoles you. Why are you afraid of mortal men, of mere human beings who are as short-lived as grass?
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

3 Enoch 48A:3

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Hebrew Book of Enoch
2 And I went by his side and he took me by his hand and showed me (the Right Hand of MAQOM), with all manner of praise, rejoicing and song: and no mouth can tell its praise, and no eye can behold it, because of its greatness, dignity, majesty, glory and beauty. 3 And not only that, but all the souls of the righteous who are counted worthy to behold the joy of Jerusalem, they are standing by it, praising and praying before it three times every day, saying (Is. li. 9): "Awake, awake, put on strength, arm of the Lord" according as it is written (Is. lxiii. 12): "He caused his glorious arm to go at the right hand of Moses".
400–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 3 Enoch

References

“... Another passage in 3 Enoch describes the ‘brilliant right hand of God’, which is ‘drawn back’ because of the destruction of the Temple, alluding to the text of Lamentations 2: 3: ‘He has drawn back His right hand from before the enemy; He has burned up Jacob like a flaming fire, consuming all around.’ This image symbolizes God’s decision not to use his ‘outstretched arm’ to deliver his people during this period. The author of 3 Enoch relates further that ‘all the souls of the righteous, those who are worthy to see the joy of Jerusalem’, appear before this divine arm with praise, and ‘ask for mercy from before it [her]’ three times every day: ‘Awake, awake, clothe yourself with splendour, O arm of the Lord’ (Isa. 51: 9).24 Thus, in this later apocalyptic text the souls of the righteous serve an important intercessory function: they request mercy for Jerusalem during the period of God’s wrath. ...”
Paul Mandel, “The Sacrifice of the Souls of the Righteous upon the Heavenly Altar: Transformations of Apocalyptic Traditions in Medieval Ashkenaz,” in Regional Identities and Cultures of Medieval Jews, ed. Talya Fishman Javier Castaño and Ephraim Kanarfogel (London: Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2018), 58.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 51:9 and 3 Enoch 48A:3

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