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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 5

1 I will sing to my love—a song to my lover about his vineyard. My love had a vineyard on a fertile hill.⁠ 2 He built a hedge around it, removed its stones, and planted a vine.⁠ He built a tower in the middle of it and constructed a winepress. He waited for it to produce edible grapes, but it produced sour ones instead. 3 So now, residents of Jerusalem, people of Judah, you decide between me and my vineyard! 4 What more can I do for my vineyard beyond what I have already done?⁠ When I waited for it to produce edible grapes, why did it produce sour ones instead? 5 Now I will inform you what I am about to do to my vineyard: I will remove its hedge and turn it into pasture, I will break its wall and allow animals to graze there. 6 I will make it a wasteland; no one will prune its vines or hoe its ground, and thorns and briers will grow there. I will order the clouds not to drop any rain on it. 7 Indeed, Israel is the vineyard of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the people of Judah are the cultivated place in which he took delight. He waited for justice, but look what he got—disobedience! He waited for fairness, but look what he got—cries for help! 8 Beware, those who accumulate houses, who also accumulate field after field until there is no land left, and you are the only landowners remaining within the land.⁠ 9 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies told me this: “Many houses will certainly become desolate, large, impressive houses will have no one living in them. 10 Indeed, a large vineyard will produce just a few gallons, and enough seed to yield several bushels will produce less than a bushel.”⁠ 11 Beware, those who get up early to drink beer, those who keep drinking long after dark until they are intoxicated with wine. 12 They have stringed instruments, tambourines, flutes, and wine at their parties. So they do not recognize what the Lord is doing, they do not perceive what he is bringing about. 13 Therefore my people will be deported because of their lack of understanding. Their leaders will have nothing to eat, their masses will have nothing to drink.⁠ 14 So Death will open up its throat, and open wide its mouth; Zion’s dignitaries and masses will descend into it, including those who revel and celebrate within her.⁠ 15 Men will be humiliated, they will be brought low; the proud will be brought low. 16 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies will be exalted when he punishes, the holy God’s authority will be recognized when he judges. 17 Lambs will graze as if in their pastures, amid the ruins the rich sojourners will graze. 18 Beware, those who pull evil along using cords of emptiness are as good as dead, who pull sin as with cart ropes. 19 They say, “Let him hurry, let him act quickly, so we can see; let the plan of the Holy One of Israel take shape and come to pass, then we will know it!” 20 Beware, those who call evil good and good evil, who turn darkness into light and light into darkness, who turn bitter into sweet and sweet into bitter. 21 Beware, those who think they are wise, those who think they possess understanding. 22 Beware, those who are champions at drinking, who display great courage when mixing strong drinks. 23 They pronounce the guilty innocent for a payoff, they ignore the just cause of the innocent.⁠ 24 Therefore, as flaming fire devours straw and dry grass disintegrates in the flames, so their root will rot, and their flower will blow away like dust. For they have rejected the law of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, they have spurned the commands of the Holy One of Israel. 25 So the Lord is furious with his people; he lifts his hand and strikes them. The mountains shake, and corpses lie like manure in the middle of the streets. Despite all this, his anger does not subside, and his hand is ready to strike again.⁠ 26 He lifts a signal flag for a distant nation, he whistles for it to come from the far regions of the earth. Look, they come quickly and swiftly.⁠ 27 None tire or stumble, they don’t stop to nap or sleep. They don’t loosen their belts or unstrap their sandals to rest. 28 Their arrows are sharpened, and all their bows are prepared. The hooves of their horses are hard as flint, and their chariot wheels are like a windstorm. 29 Their roar is like a lion’s; they roar like young lions. They growl and seize their prey; they drag it away and no one can come to the rescue. 30 At that time they will growl over their prey, it will sound like sea waves crashing against rocks. One will look out over the land and see the darkness of disaster, clouds will turn the light into darkness.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 5:14 and Habakkuk 2:5

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah and Habakkuk both speak of death as a power that never has enough and keeps taking more, never satisfied. This shared image shows how human violence and ambition are pictured as forces that consume without limit.

Passages

Isaiah 5:14

Hebrew Bible
12 They have stringed instruments, tambourines, flutes, and wine at their parties. So they do not recognize what the Lord is doing, they do not perceive what he is bringing about. 13 Therefore my people will be deported because of their lack of understanding. Their leaders will have nothing to eat, their masses will have nothing to drink. 14 So Death will open up its throat, and open wide its mouth; Zion’s dignitaries and masses will descend into it, including those who revel and celebrate within her. 15 Men will be humiliated, they will be brought low; the proud will be brought low. 16 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies will be exalted when he punishes, the holy God’s authority will be recognized when he judges.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Habakkuk 2:5

Hebrew Bible
3 For the message is a witness to what is decreed; it gives reliable testimony about how matters will turn out. Even if the message is not fulfilled right away, wait patiently; for it will certainly come to pass—it will not arrive late. 4 Look, the one whose desires are not upright will faint from exhaustion, but the person of integrity will live because of his faithfulness. 5 Indeed, wine will betray the proud, restless man! His appetite is as big as Sheol’s; like death, he is never satisfied. He gathers all the nations; he seizes all peoples. 6 “But all these nations will someday taunt him and ridicule him with proverbial sayings: ‘Woe to the one who accumulates what does not belong to him (how long will this go on?)—he who gets rich by extortion!’ 7 Your creditors will suddenly attack; those who terrify you will spring into action, and they will rob you.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Habakkuk

References

"... Baal’s conflict with the god Death (Mot) at Ugarit is not reflected in the First Testament, although one episode during Baal’s period in the underworld seems to lie behind the poem about the “son of Dawn” who seeks to make his throne “on the heights of Zaphon” but is brought down to the underworld (Isaiah 14:12-15). At Ugarit, Athtar, who is associated with the morning star (Venus), seeks to replace Baal, but when he climbs onto Baal’s throne on Mount Zaphon, Athtar’s legs do not reach the ground, and he is forced to withdraw in disgrace. On the other hand, Death as a deity is reflected in the First Testament. Isaiah 28:15, 18 refers to Judah’s “covenant with death,” and the surrounding religious language indicates that this is neither physical death nor a metaphor for a foreign power but rather a covenant with a deity in place of the one with Yahweh. Isaiah 5:14 describes Sheol, Death’s home, as a gaping mouth through which the inhabitants of Jerusalem enter, just as an Ugarit text describes Mot’s mouth as stretching from the heavens to the earth; Numbers 16:30; Psalm 141:7; Proverbs 1:12; and Habakkuk 2:5 also refer to Sheol’s “mouth” swallowing people, but Yahweh (ironically) swallows Death (Isaiah 25:7). Similarly, the metaphor of Death shepherding people to Sheol (Psalm 49:14) echoes an Ugaritic reference to sheep in Mot’s mouth ..."
John L. McLaughlin, The Ancient Near East: An Essential Guide (Nashville: Abingdon, 2012), 118–119.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 5:14 and Habakkuk 2:5

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