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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 49

1 Listen to me, you coastlands! Pay attention, you people who live far away! The Lord summoned me from birth; he commissioned me when my mother brought me into the world.⁠ 2 He made my mouth like a sharp sword, he hid me in the hollow of his hand;⁠ he made me like a sharpened arrow, he hid me in his quiver.⁠ 3 He said to me, “You are my servant, Israel, through whom I will reveal my splendor.” 4 But I thought, “I have worked in vain; I have expended my energy for absolutely nothing.” But the Lord will vindicate me; my God will reward me. 5 So now the Lord says, the one who formed me from birth to be his servant— he did this to restore Jacob to himself, so that Israel might be gathered to him; and I will be honored in the Lord’s sight, for my God is my source of strength—⁠ 6 he says, “Is it too insignificant a task for you to be my servant, to reestablish the tribes of Jacob, and restore the remnant of Israel? I will make you a light to the nations, so you can bring my deliverance to the remote regions of the earth.”⁠ 7 This is what the Lord, the Protector of Israel, their Holy One, says to the one who is despised and rejected by nations, a servant of rulers: “Kings will see and rise in respect, princes will bow down, because of the faithful Lord, the Holy One of Israel who has chosen you.”⁠ 8 This is what the Lord says: “At the time I decide to show my favor, I will respond to you;⁠ in the day of deliverance I will help you; I will protect you and make you a covenant mediator for people, to rebuild the land and to reassign the desolate property. 9 You will say to the prisoners, ‘Come out, ’and to those who are in dark dungeons, ‘Emerge.’ They will graze beside the roads; on all the slopes they will find pasture. 10 They will not be hungry or thirsty; the sun’s oppressive heat will not beat down on them, for one who has compassion on them will guide them; he will lead them to springs of water.⁠ 11 I will make all my mountains into a road; I will construct my roadways.” 12 Look, they come from far away! Look, some come from the north and west, and others from the land of Sinim. 13 Shout for joy, O sky! Rejoice, O earth! Let the mountains give a joyful shout! For the Lord consoles his people and shows compassion to the oppressed. 14 “Zion said, ‘The Lord has abandoned me, the Lord has forgotten me.’ 15 Can a woman forget her baby who nurses at her breast? Can she withhold compassion from the child she has borne? Even if mothers were to forget, I could never forget you! 16 Look, I have inscribed your name on my palms; your walls are constantly before me. 17 Your children hurry back, while those who destroyed and devastated you depart. 18 Look all around you! All of them gather to you. As surely as I live,” says the Lord, “you will certainly wear all of them like jewelry; you will put them on as if you were a bride.⁠ 19 Yes, your land lies in ruins; it is desolate and devastated. But now you will be too small to hold your residents, and those who devoured you will be far away. 20 Yet the children born during your time of bereavement will say within your hearing, ‘This place is too cramped for us, make room for us so we can live here.’ 21 Then you will think to yourself, ‘Who bore these children for me? I was bereaved and barren, dismissed and divorced. Who raised these children? Look, I was left all alone; where did these children come from?’” 22 This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “Look I will raise my hand to the nations; I will raise my signal flag to the peoples. They will bring your sons in their arms and carry your daughters on their shoulders. 23 Kings will be your children’s guardians; their princesses will nurse your children. With their faces to the ground they will bow down to you, and they will lick the dirt on your feet.⁠ Then you will recognize that I am the Lord; those who wait patiently for me are not put to shame. 24 Can spoils be taken from a warrior, or captives be rescued from a conqueror?⁠ 25 Indeed,” says the Lord, “ captives will be taken from a warrior; spoils will be rescued from a conqueror. I will oppose your adversary and I will rescue your children. 26 I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh; they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine.⁠ Then all humankind will recognize that I am the Lord, your Deliverer, your Protector, the Powerful One of Jacob.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 49:24 and Isaiah 49:26

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah 49 echoes the language of Genesis 49 by referring to the “Mighty One of Jacob,” a phrase that originally referred to the image of a bull, a title used for the high god El in Canaanite tradition.

Passages

Genesis 49:24

Hebrew Bible
23 The archers will attack him, they will shoot at him and oppose him. 24 But his bow will remain steady, and his hands will be skillful; because of the hands of the Powerful One of Jacob, because of the Shepherd, the Rock of Israel, 25 because of the God of your father, who will help you, because of the Sovereign God, who will bless you with blessings from the sky above, blessings from the deep that lies below, and blessings of the breasts and womb.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Isaiah 49:26

Hebrew Bible
25 Indeed,” says the Lord, “ captives will be taken from a warrior; spoils will be rescued from a conqueror. I will oppose your adversary and I will rescue your children. 26 I will make your oppressors eat their own flesh; they will get drunk on their own blood, as if it were wine. Then all humankind will recognize that I am the Lord, your Deliverer, your Protector, the Powerful One of Jacob.”
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

References

"... It makes more sense to take the first word as the name of the deity and translate these two verses as “El, the God of Israel” and “El, the God of your father,” in which case these two verses indicate that El was the original name of the deity worshiped by the group(s) who preserved these stories. This is reinforced by an allusion to El in Genesis 49:24. The second line refers to blessings from what is usually translated as “the Mighty One of Jacob,” but the Hebrew word translated as “Mighty One” contains the exact consonants as the word for “bull.” “The Bull” was another title for El in the Ugarit texts, and since early Hebrew wrote only the consonants, either “mighty one” or “bull” is a possible translation since they look the same without the vowels. However, the cluster of El titles in the next verse supports taking it as bull: Genesis 49:25 speaks of “blessings by El, your father” (not “God of your father”; see “the blessings of your father,” verse 26) and by Shaddai. Moreover, “the blessings of the breasts and of the womb” (verse 25) allude to the fertility associations of Asherah, El’s wife, yet more evidence of an Ugarit background to this passage. In sum, the chief Canaanite god is present in a number of biblical texts dealing with the patriarchs and matriarchs. Eventually, as El and Yahweh came to be seen as a single deity, Yahweh in turn became equated with these early texts. For instance, in Exodus 3:6 he says that Moses’ ancestors knew him as “the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob,” and Exodus 6:3 states that they knew him as El Shaddai. Similarly, all other instances explicitly identify “the bull of Jacob” as Yahweh (see Isaiah 49:26; 60:16; Psalm 132:2, 5; and “the bull of Israel,” Isaiah 1:24) ..."
John L. McLaughlin, The Ancient Near East: An Essential Guide (Nashville: Abingdon, 2012), 111.
"... God is described in the Hebrew Bible by a word which can be translated as a bull. For example, in Genesis 49:24 God is described as the אֲבִיר יַעֲקֹב mighty one of Jacob, and this expression is repeated in Isaiah 49:26; 60:16 and Psalm 132:2,5 (Isaiah 1:24 uses the similar phrase the mighty one of Israel). This word אַבִּיר mighty one is translated as “bull” in places such as Isaiah 10:3; 34:7; Psalm 22:2; 50:13 and the idea of God’s bull-like strength as the protector of Jacob/Israel may have been behind this phrase which could be translated as “the Bull of Israel” ..."
Stephen D. Cook, Heroes and Villains: The Villainising of Jeroboam (Mikra: Biblical Studies, 2021), 1–4.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 49:24 and Isaiah 49:26

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