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About this book

Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 32

1 Look, a king will promote fairness; officials will promote justice. 2 Each of them will be like a shelter from the wind and a refuge from a rainstorm; like streams of water in a dry region and like the shade of a large cliff in a parched land. 3 Eyes will no longer be blind and ears will be attentive. 4 The mind that acts rashly will possess discernment, and the tongue that stutters will speak with ease and clarity. 5 A fool will no longer be called honorable; a deceiver will no longer be called principled. 6 For a fool speaks disgraceful things; his mind plans out sinful deeds. He commits godless deeds and says misleading things about the Lord; he gives the hungry nothing to satisfy their appetite and gives the thirsty nothing to drink.⁠ 7 A deceiver’s methods are evil; he dreams up evil plans to ruin the poor with lies, even when the needy are in the right. 8 An honorable man makes honorable plans; his honorable character gives him security. 9 You complacent women, get up and listen to me! You carefree daughters, pay attention to what I say! 10 In a year’s time you carefree ones will shake with fear, for the grape harvest will fail, and the fruit harvest will not arrive. 11 Tremble, you complacent ones! Shake with fear, you carefree ones! Strip off your clothes and expose yourselves—put sackcloth around your waists. 12 Mourn over the field, over the delightful fields and the fruitful vine. 13 Mourn over the land of my people, which is overgrown with thorns and briers, and over all the once-happy houses in the city filled with revelry. 14 For the fortress is neglected; the once-crowded city is abandoned. Hill and watchtower are permanently uninhabited. Wild donkeys love to go there, and flocks graze there. 15 This desolation will continue until new life is poured out on us from heaven. Then the wilderness will become an orchard and the orchard will be considered a forest.⁠ 16 Justice will settle down in the wilderness and fairness will live in the orchard. 17 Fairness will produce peace and result in lasting security. 18 My people will live in peaceful settlements, in secure homes, and in safe, quiet places. 19 Even if the forest is destroyed and the city is annihilated, 20 you will be blessed, you who plant seed by all the banks of the streams, you who let your ox and donkey graze.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 32:15 and Galatians 5:22

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

In Galatians, Paul teaches that the Spirit produces qualities described with fruit, using language of growth. This is based on Isaiah, which describes how barren land will become fertile once the Spirit is given, bringing justice, peace, and safety.

Passages

Isaiah 32:15

Hebrew Bible
12 Mourn over the field, over the delightful fields and the fruitful vine. 13 Mourn over the land of my people, which is overgrown with thorns and briers, and over all the once-happy houses in the city filled with revelry. 14 For the fortress is neglected; the once-crowded city is abandoned. Hill and watchtower are permanently uninhabited. Wild donkeys love to go there, and flocks graze there. 15 This desolation will continue until new life is poured out on us from heaven. Then the wilderness will become an orchard and the orchard will be considered a forest. 16 Justice will settle down in the wilderness and fairness will live in the orchard. 17 Fairness will produce peace and result in lasting security.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Galatians 5:22

New Testament
19 Now the works of the flesh are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity, depravity, 20 idolatry, sorcery, hostilities, strife, jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish rivalries, dissensions, factions, 21 envying, murder, drunkenness, carousing, and similar things. I am warning you, as I had warned you before: Those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God! 22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness, and self-control. Against such things there is no law. 24 Now those who belong to Christ have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires. 25 If we live by the Spirit, let us also behave in accordance with the Spirit.
48–55 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Galatians

References

"... the overall weight of the cumulative arguments points to the plausibility or probability of Isaiah's being the Old Testament backdrop for best understanding Galatians 5:22 ... In contrast to the land's unfruitful condition (Isaiah 32:10-14), in the coming restoration, the Spirit will come upon Israel and create abundant Fertility (verse 15). However, this fertility appears to go beyond mere material abundance and includes spiritual fecundity: not only will the Spirit create literal plants, crops, and trees in the field but also the spirit will produce spiritual fruits in the fields: "justice will dwell in the wilderness, and righteousness will abide in the fertile field" (verse 16). The "task" and "work" (which is presumably viewed as being performed by God's Spirits in the "fertile field"; compare verse 16) resulting in "righteousness" will also produce "peace," "quietness," and "confidence" (verse 17). Thus, the traits mentioned in verses 17-18 appear to be additional by-products of the Spirit's cultivating work. Both the Septuagint and Masoretic text make these essential points. Likewise, other texts in the Septuagintal version of Isaiah make the same connection and sometimes exhibit an even closer or more explicit link between the eschatological pouring out of the Spirit and the figurative fruits of godly characteristics. The closest such parallel is Isaiah 57:15-19, which appears to be a development of 32:15-18, especially in the LXX ..."
G. K. Beale, “The Old Testament Background of Paul’s Reference to ‘the Fruit of the Spirit’ in Galatians 5:22,” BBR 15.1 (2005): 1–39.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 32:15 and Galatians 5:22

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