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Isaiah

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Chapter 23

1 This is an oracle about Tyre: Wail, you large ships,⁠ for the port is too devastated to enter! From the land of Cyprus this news is announced to them.⁠ 2 Lament, you residents of the coast, you merchants of Sidon who travel over the sea, whose agents sail over 3 the deep waters. Grain from the Shihor region, crops grown near the Nile she receives; she is the trade center of the nations. 4 Be ashamed, O Sidon, for the sea says this, O fortress of the sea: “I have not gone into labor or given birth; I have not raised young men or brought up young women.” 5 When the news reaches Egypt, they will be shaken by what has happened to Tyre. 6 Travel to Tarshish! Wail, you residents of the coast! 7 Is this really your boisterous city whose origins are in the distant past and whose feet led her to a distant land to reside? 8 Who planned this for royal Tyre, whose merchants are princes, whose traders are the dignitaries of the earth? 9 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies planned it—to dishonor the pride that comes from all her beauty, to humiliate all the dignitaries of the earth. 10 Daughter Tarshish, travel back to your land, as one crosses the Nile; there is no longer any marketplace in Tyre. 11 The Lord stretched out his hand over the sea, he shook kingdoms; he gave the order to destroy Canaan’s fortresses. 12 He said, “You will no longer celebrate, oppressed virgin daughter Sidon! Get up, travel to Cyprus, but you will find no relief there.” 13 Look at the land of the Chaldeans, these people who have lost their identity! The Assyrians have made it a home for wild animals. They erected their siege towers, demolished its fortresses, and turned it into a heap of ruins. 14 Wail, you large ships, for your fortress is destroyed! 15 At that time Tyre will be forgotten for 70 years, the typical life span of a king. At the end of 70 years Tyre will try to attract attention again, like the prostitute in the popular song: 16 “Take the harp, go through the city, forgotten prostitute! Play it well, play lots of songs, so you’ll be noticed.” 17 At the end of 70 years the Lord will revive Tyre. She will start making money again by selling her services to all the earth’s kingdoms.⁠ 18 Her profits and earnings will be set apart for the Lord. They will not be stored up or accumulated, for her profits will be given to those who live in the Lord’s presence and will be used to purchase large quantities of food and beautiful clothes.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 23:1 and LXX Isaiah 23:1

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Isaiah 23 is a prophecy about the fall of the trading city Tyre. The Greek Septuagint names Carthage instead, changing the same passage into a prophecy about the fall of a city the translators were familiar with.

Passages

Isaiah 23:1

Hebrew Bible
1 This is an oracle about Tyre: Wail, you large ships, for the port is too devastated to enter! From the land of Cyprus this news is announced to them. 2 Lament, you residents of the coast, you merchants of Sidon who travel over the sea, whose agents sail over 3 the deep waters. Grain from the Shihor region, crops grown near the Nile she receives; she is the trade center of the nations.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

LXX Isaiah 23:1

Septuagint
1 THE VISION CONCERNING TYRE. Howl, you ships of Carthage; for she has perished, and men no longer arrive from the land of the Kittim: she is led captive. 2 To whom have the dwellers in the island become like, the merchants of Phoenicia, passing over the sea 3 in great waters, a generation of merchants? as when the harvest is gathered in, so are these traders with the nations.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Isaiah

References

... This type of “visionary” interpretation seems to lie at the basis of the Septuagint of Isaiah 23. In sum, as far as the aspect of fulfilment-interpretation is concerned, the vision of Tyre in the Septuagint of Isaiah 23 can very well be understood as witnessing to the interpretation of following political events as signs of the time in the light of the ancient oracle of Isaiah 23 in Hebrew: the complete destruction of Carthage by the Romans in the year 146 B.C., seen as having serious consequences for the position of Tyre, the mother-city of Carthage; the Parthian invasion in Babylonia, presumably understood as a sign of the nearby breakdown of the Seleucid empire; the involvement of Tyre, in some way or another, in the Hellenization of the city and temple of Jerusalem. ...
Arie van der Kooij, The Oracle of Tyre: The Septuagint of Isaiah XXIII as Version and Vision, VTSup 71 (Leiden: Brill, 1998), 109.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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