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Isaiah

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Chapter 21

1 This is an oracle about the wilderness by the Sea: Like strong winds blowing in the south, one invades from the wilderness, from a land that is feared. 2 I have received a distressing message: “The deceiver deceives, the destroyer destroys. Attack, you Elamites! Lay siege, you Medes! I will put an end to all the groaning.” 3 For this reason my stomach churns; cramps overwhelm me like the contractions of a woman in labor. I am disturbed by what I hear, horrified by what I see. 4 My heart palpitates, I shake in fear; the twilight I desired has brought me terror. 5 Arrange the table, lay out the carpet, eat and drink! Get up, you officers, smear oil on the shields! 6 For this is what the Lord has told me: “Go, post a guard! He must report what he sees. 7 When he sees chariots, teams of horses, riders on donkeys, riders on camels, he must be alert, very alert.”⁠ 8 Then the guard cries out: “On the watchtower, O Lord, I stand all day long; at my post I am stationed every night.⁠ 9 Look what’s coming! A charioteer, a team of horses.” When questioned, he replies, “Babylon has fallen, fallen! All the idols of her gods lie shattered on the ground!”⁠ 10 O my downtrodden people, crushed like stalks on the threshing floor, what I have heard from the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, I have reported to you. 11 This is an oracle about Dumah: Someone calls to me from Seir, “Watchman, what is left of the night? Watchman, what is left of the night?” 12 The watchman replies, “Morning is coming, but then night. If you want to ask, ask; come back again.” 13 This is an oracle about Arabia: In the thicket of Arabia you spend the night, you Dedanite caravans. 14 Bring out some water for the thirsty. You who live in the land of Tema, bring some food for the fugitives. 15 For they flee from the swords—from the drawn sword, and from the battle-ready bow, and from the severity of the battle. 16 For this is what the Lord has told me: “Within exactly one year all the splendor of Kedar will come to an end. 17 Just a handful of archers, the warriors of Kedar, will be left.” Indeed, the Lord God of Israel has spoken.

Texts in conversation

The Prophet as Watchman in Isaiah 21 and Habakkuk 2

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah 21 and Habakkuk 2 both picture the prophet as a watchman on a tower who waits for a message and then reports it. Both draw on an ancient Near Eastern tradition of prophets as messengers who speak for the divine.

Passages

Isaiah 21:8

Hebrew Bible
6 For this is what the Lord has told me: “Go, post a guard! He must report what he sees. 7 When he sees chariots, teams of horses, riders on donkeys, riders on camels, he must be alert, very alert.” 8 Then the guard cries out: “On the watchtower, O Lord, I stand all day long; at my post I am stationed every night. 9 Look what’s coming! A charioteer, a team of horses.” When questioned, he replies, “Babylon has fallen, fallen! All the idols of her gods lie shattered on the ground!” 10 O my downtrodden people, crushed like stalks on the threshing floor, what I have heard from the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, I have reported to you.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Habakkuk 2:1

Hebrew Bible
1 I will stand at my watch post; I will remain stationed on the city wall. I will keep watching so I can see what he says to me and can know how I should answer when he counters my argument. 2 The Lord responded: “Write down this message. Record it legibly on tablets so the one who announces it may read it easily. 3 For the message is a witness to what is decreed; it gives reliable testimony about how matters will turn out. Even if the message is not fulfilled right away, wait patiently; for it will certainly come to pass—it will not arrive late.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Habakkuk

References

"... A close and instructive parallel is the account of the soliciting of a visionary experience of the fall of Babylon (Isaiah 21:8-9). The seer is the lookout, who is told to announce what he sees and to listen very hard. He assures Yahveh that he has taken his stand on the watchtower and occupies his station night after night until he sees, in vision, a rider approaching with the news that Babylon has fallen. A similar instance of the soliciting of an oracle or visionary experience by a seer, perhaps in some way connected with the Isaian text, appears in Habakkuk. The prophet says, 'I will take my stand on the watchtower and station myself on the rampart; I will keep watch to see what he will say to me,' at which point he is told by Yahweh to write the vision (2:1-2). Returning to our text: the fact that the watchmen witness with their own eyes, literally 'eye to eye' is consistent with this reading of the prophet as the watchman since 'eye to eye' is a type of expression (compare 'face to face,' 'mouth to mouth') denoting an especially close relationship with the deity (Numbers 14:14) ..."
Joseph Blenkinsopp, Isaiah 40–55: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary (New York: Doubleday, 2002), 342.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 21:8 and Habakkuk 2:1

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