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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 13

1 This is an oracle about Babylon that Isaiah son of Amoz saw: 2 On a bare hill raise a signal flag; shout to them, wave your hand so they might enter the gates of the princes! 3 I have given orders to my chosen soldiers; I have summoned the warriors through whom I will vent my anger— my boasting, arrogant ones. 4 There is a loud noise on the mountains— it sounds like a large army! There is great commotion among the kingdoms— nations are being assembled! The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is mustering forces for battle. 5 They come from a distant land, from the horizon. It is the Lord with his instruments of judgment coming to destroy the whole earth. 6 Wail, for the Lord’s day of judgment is near; it comes with all the destructive power of the Sovereign One. 7 For this reason all hands hang limp, every human heart loses its courage. 8 They panic—cramps and pain seize hold of them like those of a woman who is straining to give birth. They look at one another in astonishment; their faces are flushed red.⁠ 9 Look, the Lord’s day of judgment is coming; it is a day of cruelty and savage, raging anger, destroying the earth and annihilating its sinners. 10 Indeed the stars in the sky and their constellations no longer give out their light; the sun is darkened as soon as it rises, and the moon does not shine.⁠ 11 I will punish the world for its evil and wicked people for their sin. I will put an end to the pride of the insolent, I will bring down the arrogance of tyrants. 12 I will make human beings more scarce than pure gold and people more scarce than gold from Ophir. 13 So I will shake the heavens, and the earth will shake loose from its foundation, because of the fury of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, in the day he vents his raging anger.⁠ 14 Like a frightened gazelle or a sheep with no shepherd, each will turn toward home, each will run to his homeland.⁠ 15 Everyone who is caught will be stabbed; everyone who is seized will die by the sword. 16 Their children will be smashed to pieces before their very eyes; their houses will be looted and their wives raped.⁠ 17 Look, I am stirring up the Medes to attack them;⁠ they are not concerned about silver, nor are they interested in gold. 18 Their arrows will cut young men to ribbons; they have no compassion on a person’s offspring; they will not look with pity on children. 19 Babylon, the most admired of kingdoms, the Chaldeans’ source of honor and pride, will be destroyed by God just as Sodom and Gomorrah were. 20 No one will live there again; no one will ever reside there again. No bedouin will camp there, no shepherds will rest their flocks there. 21 Wild animals will rest there, the ruined houses will be full of hyenas. Ostriches will live there,⁠ wild goats will skip among the ruins.⁠ 22 Wild dogs will yip in her ruined fortresses, jackals will yelp in the once-splendid palaces. Her time is almost up, her days will not be prolonged.

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How the Septuagint Adds Sirens and Centaurs to Isaiah 13

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Isaiah 13 describes Babylon’s fall with desert animals, empty and abandoned. The Greek Septuagint changes some to mythical creatures like sirens, suggesting the translator interpreted it filled with unclean, supernatural beings rather than wild animals.
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Passages

Isaiah 13:21

Hebrew Bible
19 Babylon, the most admired of kingdoms, the Chaldeans’ source of honor and pride, will be destroyed by God just as Sodom and Gomorrah were. 20 No one will live there again; no one will ever reside there again. No bedouin will camp there, no shepherds will rest their flocks there. 21 Wild animals will rest there, the ruined houses will be full of hyenas. Ostriches will live there, wild goats will skip among the ruins. 22 Wild dogs will yip in her ruined fortresses, jackals will yelp in the once-splendid palaces. Her time is almost up, her days will not be prolonged.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

LXX Isaiah 13:21

Septuagint
19 And Babylon, which is called glorious by the king of the Chaldeans, shall be as when God overthrew Sodom, and Gomorrah. 20 It shall never be inhabited, neither shall any enter into it for many generations: neither shall the Arabians pass through it; nor shall shepherds at all rest in it. 21 But wild beasts shall rest there; and the houses shall be filled with howling; and sirens shall rest there, and devils shall dance there, 22 and donkey-centaurs shall dwell there; and hedgehogs shall make their nests in their houses. It will come soon, and will not wait.
100–1 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Isaiah

References

"... Part of our discussion in the preceding chapter exposed how biblical writers used terms for preternatural creatures to convey the idea of unholy ground—territory associated with evil spirits. Two of the most important passages in that regard were Isaiah 13:21–22 and Isaiah 34:14. The LXX translator used the plural of daimonion in both instances ... The choice of “sirens” (seirēnes) for Hebrew ʾōḥîm (“howling creatures”) in Isaiah 13:21 indicates that something other than the animal kingdom was in view to the translator. In Greek mythology, sirens were beings who lured sailors to their deaths with their beautiful singing. In their earliest depictions in Greek art, they are shown with a woman’s head and a bird’s wings and body ... What is meant by “donkey centaur” must remain speculative. In both passages (Isaiah 13:22; 34:14) this odd creature corresponds to ʾiyyîm. Again, the choice makes it evident that the writer did not have the normative animal world in view ..."
Michael S. Heiser, Demons: What the Bible Really Says about the Powers of Darkness (Bellingham, WA: Lexham, 2020), 54.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 13:21 and LXX Isaiah 13:21

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