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Isaiah

About this book
Chapter 13

1 This is an oracle about Babylon that Isaiah son of Amoz saw: 2 On a bare hill raise a signal flag; shout to them, wave your hand so they might enter the gates of the princes! 3 I have given orders to my chosen soldiers; I have summoned the warriors through whom I will vent my anger— my boasting, arrogant ones. 4 There is a loud noise on the mountains— it sounds like a large army! There is great commotion among the kingdoms— nations are being assembled! The Lord of Heaven’s Armies is mustering forces for battle. 5 They come from a distant land, from the horizon. It is the Lord with his instruments of judgment coming to destroy the whole earth. 6 Wail, for the Lord’s day of judgment is near; it comes with all the destructive power of the Sovereign One. 7 For this reason all hands hang limp, every human heart loses its courage. 8 They panic—cramps and pain seize hold of them like those of a woman who is straining to give birth. They look at one another in astonishment; their faces are flushed red.⁠ 9 Look, the Lord’s day of judgment is coming; it is a day of cruelty and savage, raging anger, destroying the earth and annihilating its sinners. 10 Indeed the stars in the sky and their constellations no longer give out their light; the sun is darkened as soon as it rises, and the moon does not shine.⁠ 11 I will punish the world for its evil and wicked people for their sin. I will put an end to the pride of the insolent, I will bring down the arrogance of tyrants. 12 I will make human beings more scarce than pure gold and people more scarce than gold from Ophir. 13 So I will shake the heavens, and the earth will shake loose from its foundation, because of the fury of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, in the day he vents his raging anger.⁠ 14 Like a frightened gazelle or a sheep with no shepherd, each will turn toward home, each will run to his homeland.⁠ 15 Everyone who is caught will be stabbed; everyone who is seized will die by the sword. 16 Their children will be smashed to pieces before their very eyes; their houses will be looted and their wives raped.⁠ 17 Look, I am stirring up the Medes to attack them;⁠ they are not concerned about silver, nor are they interested in gold. 18 Their arrows will cut young men to ribbons; they have no compassion on a person’s offspring; they will not look with pity on children. 19 Babylon, the most admired of kingdoms, the Chaldeans’ source of honor and pride, will be destroyed by God just as Sodom and Gomorrah were. 20 No one will live there again; no one will ever reside there again. No bedouin will camp there, no shepherds will rest their flocks there. 21 Wild animals will rest there, the ruined houses will be full of hyenas. Ostriches will live there,⁠ wild goats will skip among the ruins.⁠ 22 Wild dogs will yip in her ruined fortresses, jackals will yelp in the once-splendid palaces. Her time is almost up, her days will not be prolonged.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 13:13 and Haggai 2:6

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah describes a time of judgment when the heavens and earth will be shaken. Haggai echoes this language but uses it when discussing the rebuilding after exile, where the upheaval signals the time when the community will be restored.

Passages

Isaiah 13:13

Hebrew Bible
11 I will punish the world for its evil and wicked people for their sin. I will put an end to the pride of the insolent, I will bring down the arrogance of tyrants. 12 I will make human beings more scarce than pure gold and people more scarce than gold from Ophir. 13 So I will shake the heavens, and the earth will shake loose from its foundation, because of the fury of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, in the day he vents his raging anger. 14 Like a frightened gazelle or a sheep with no shepherd, each will turn toward home, each will run to his homeland. 15 Everyone who is caught will be stabbed; everyone who is seized will die by the sword.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Haggai 2:6

Hebrew Bible
4 Even so, take heart, Zerubbabel,” decrees the Lord. “Take heart, Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest. And take heart all you citizens of the land,” decrees the Lord, “and begin to work. For I am with you,” decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 5 “Do not fear, because I made a promise to your ancestors when they left Egypt, and my Spirit even now testifies to you.” 6 Moreover, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “In just a little while I will once again shake the sky and the earth, the sea and the dry ground. 7 I will also shake up all the nations, and they will offer their treasures; then I will fill this temple with glory.” So the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said. 8 “The silver and gold will be mine,” decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Haggai

References

"... Although Wildberger points to similarities between 2:2-4 on the one hand and both the Zion psalms and texts from Isaiah on the other hand to argue that Isaiah adapted Zion themes in composing this passage, the evidence indicates that 2:2-4 dates to the late 6th century. First of all, whereas both the Zion psalms (Psalms 2; 46; 48; 76) and the Isaiah texts (Isaiah 8:9-10; 29:1-4; 31:4-5) emphasize YHWH's defeat of the nations and the breaking of their weapons prior to peace and their acknowledgment of YHWH, Isaiah 2:2-4 portrays the nations as voluntarily submitting to YHWH, seeking torah, and refashioning their weapons into agricultural implements. Second, such peaceful submission to YHWH and pilgrimage to Zion by the nations does not appear in biblical texts until the exilic or early postexilic periods (Jeremiah 3:17-18; 16:19-21; Isaiah 60:1-7; Haggai 2:6-9; Zechariah 2:8-12; 8:20-23). Third, a number of explicitly postexilic texts (e.g., Joel 4:9-12 [3:9-12]; Zechariah 8:20-23) as well as some whose late dates are established in critical discussion (Micah 4:1-4; Isaiah 37:20-32 / 2 Kings 19:29-31) employ Isaiah 2:2-4 as a model in their composition. Otherwise, 51:4, 'torah' goes forth from me and my justice for a light to the peoples,' serves as a model for the composition of 2:2-4 as indicated by its similar vocabulary and syntactical construction as well as its perspective of sending torah to the nations who will then return the exiles to Zion and submit to YHWH in shame ..."
Marvin A. Sweeney, Isaiah 1-39: With an Introduction to Prophetic Literature (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996), 93.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 13:13 and Haggai 2:6

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