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Haggai

About this book
Chapter 2

1 On the twenty-first day of the seventh month, the Lord’s message came through the prophet Haggai again: 2 “Ask the following questions to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and the remnant of the people: 3 ‘Who among you survivors saw the former splendor of this temple? How does it look to you now? Isn’t it nothing by comparison?’ 4 Even so, take heart, Zerubbabel,” decrees the Lord. “Take heart, Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest. And take heart all you citizens of the land,” decrees the Lord, “and begin to work. For I am with you,”⁠ decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 5 “Do not fear, because I made a promise to your ancestors when they left Egypt,⁠ and my Spirit even now testifies to you.” 6 Moreover, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “In just a little while I will once again shake the sky and the earth, the sea and the dry ground.⁠ 7 I will also shake up all the nations, and they will offer their treasures; then I will fill this temple with glory.”⁠ So the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said. 8 “The silver and gold will be mine,” decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 9 “The future splendor of this temple will be greater than that of former times,” the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has declared. “And in this place I will give peace,” decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.⁠ 10 On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month of Darius’ second year, the Lord’s message came to the prophet Haggai: 11 “This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said, ‘Ask the priests about the law.⁠ 12 If someone carries holy meat in a fold of his garment and that fold touches bread, a boiled dish, wine, olive oil, or any other food, will that item become holy?’” The priests answered, “It will not.”⁠ 13 Then Haggai asked, “If a person who is ritually unclean because of touching a dead body comes in contact with one of these items, will it become unclean?” The priests answered, “It will be unclean.” 14 Then Haggai responded, “‘The people of this nation are unclean in my sight,’ decrees the Lord. ‘And so is all their effort; everything they offer is also unclean.⁠ 15 Now therefore reflect carefully on the recent past, before one stone was laid on another in the Lord’s temple. 16 From that time when one came expecting a heap of 20 measures, there were only 10; when one came to the wine vat to draw out 50 measures from it, there were only 20. 17 I struck all the products of your labor with blight, disease, and hail,⁠ and yet you brought nothing to me,’⁠ says the Lord. 18 ‘Think carefully about the past: from today, the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, to the day work on the temple of the Lord was resumed, think about it. 19 The seed is still in the storehouse, isn’t it? And the vine, fig tree, pomegranate, and olive tree have not produced.⁠ Nevertheless, from today on I will bless you.’” 20 Then the Lord spoke to Haggai a second time on the twenty-fourth day of the month: 21 “Tell Zerubbabel governor of Judah: ‘I am ready to shake the sky and the earth. 22 I will overthrow royal thrones and shatter the might of earthly kingdoms. I will overthrow chariots and those who ride them, and horses and their riders will fall as people kill one another.⁠ 23 On that day,’ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, ‘I will take you, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, my servant,’ says the Lord, ‘and I will make you like a signet ring, for I have chosen you,’⁠ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 13:13 and Haggai 2:6

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah describes a time of judgment when the heavens and earth will be shaken. Haggai echoes this language but uses it when discussing the rebuilding after exile, where the upheaval signals the time when the community will be restored.

Passages

Isaiah 13:13

Hebrew Bible
11 I will punish the world for its evil and wicked people for their sin. I will put an end to the pride of the insolent, I will bring down the arrogance of tyrants. 12 I will make human beings more scarce than pure gold and people more scarce than gold from Ophir. 13 So I will shake the heavens, and the earth will shake loose from its foundation, because of the fury of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, in the day he vents his raging anger. 14 Like a frightened gazelle or a sheep with no shepherd, each will turn toward home, each will run to his homeland. 15 Everyone who is caught will be stabbed; everyone who is seized will die by the sword.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Haggai 2:6

Hebrew Bible
4 Even so, take heart, Zerubbabel,” decrees the Lord. “Take heart, Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest. And take heart all you citizens of the land,” decrees the Lord, “and begin to work. For I am with you,” decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 5 “Do not fear, because I made a promise to your ancestors when they left Egypt, and my Spirit even now testifies to you.” 6 Moreover, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “In just a little while I will once again shake the sky and the earth, the sea and the dry ground. 7 I will also shake up all the nations, and they will offer their treasures; then I will fill this temple with glory.” So the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said. 8 “The silver and gold will be mine,” decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Haggai

References

"... Although Wildberger points to similarities between 2:2-4 on the one hand and both the Zion psalms and texts from Isaiah on the other hand to argue that Isaiah adapted Zion themes in composing this passage, the evidence indicates that 2:2-4 dates to the late 6th century. First of all, whereas both the Zion psalms (Psalms 2; 46; 48; 76) and the Isaiah texts (Isaiah 8:9-10; 29:1-4; 31:4-5) emphasize YHWH's defeat of the nations and the breaking of their weapons prior to peace and their acknowledgment of YHWH, Isaiah 2:2-4 portrays the nations as voluntarily submitting to YHWH, seeking torah, and refashioning their weapons into agricultural implements. Second, such peaceful submission to YHWH and pilgrimage to Zion by the nations does not appear in biblical texts until the exilic or early postexilic periods (Jeremiah 3:17-18; 16:19-21; Isaiah 60:1-7; Haggai 2:6-9; Zechariah 2:8-12; 8:20-23). Third, a number of explicitly postexilic texts (e.g., Joel 4:9-12 [3:9-12]; Zechariah 8:20-23) as well as some whose late dates are established in critical discussion (Micah 4:1-4; Isaiah 37:20-32 / 2 Kings 19:29-31) employ Isaiah 2:2-4 as a model in their composition. Otherwise, 51:4, 'torah' goes forth from me and my justice for a light to the peoples,' serves as a model for the composition of 2:2-4 as indicated by its similar vocabulary and syntactical construction as well as its perspective of sending torah to the nations who will then return the exiles to Zion and submit to YHWH in shame ..."
Marvin A. Sweeney, Isaiah 1-39: With an Introduction to Prophetic Literature (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1996), 93.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 13:13 and Haggai 2:6

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