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Haggai

About this book
Chapter 2

1 On the twenty-first day of the seventh month, the Lord’s message came through the prophet Haggai again: 2 “Ask the following questions to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak, and the remnant of the people: 3 ‘Who among you survivors saw the former splendor of this temple? How does it look to you now? Isn’t it nothing by comparison?’ 4 Even so, take heart, Zerubbabel,” decrees the Lord. “Take heart, Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest. And take heart all you citizens of the land,” decrees the Lord, “and begin to work. For I am with you,”⁠ decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 5 “Do not fear, because I made a promise to your ancestors when they left Egypt,⁠ and my Spirit even now testifies to you.” 6 Moreover, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “In just a little while I will once again shake the sky and the earth, the sea and the dry ground.⁠ 7 I will also shake up all the nations, and they will offer their treasures; then I will fill this temple with glory.”⁠ So the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said. 8 “The silver and gold will be mine,” decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 9 “The future splendor of this temple will be greater than that of former times,” the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has declared. “And in this place I will give peace,” decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.⁠ 10 On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month of Darius’ second year, the Lord’s message came to the prophet Haggai: 11 “This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said, ‘Ask the priests about the law.⁠ 12 If someone carries holy meat in a fold of his garment and that fold touches bread, a boiled dish, wine, olive oil, or any other food, will that item become holy?’” The priests answered, “It will not.”⁠ 13 Then Haggai asked, “If a person who is ritually unclean because of touching a dead body comes in contact with one of these items, will it become unclean?” The priests answered, “It will be unclean.” 14 Then Haggai responded, “‘The people of this nation are unclean in my sight,’ decrees the Lord. ‘And so is all their effort; everything they offer is also unclean.⁠ 15 Now therefore reflect carefully on the recent past, before one stone was laid on another in the Lord’s temple. 16 From that time when one came expecting a heap of 20 measures, there were only 10; when one came to the wine vat to draw out 50 measures from it, there were only 20. 17 I struck all the products of your labor with blight, disease, and hail,⁠ and yet you brought nothing to me,’⁠ says the Lord. 18 ‘Think carefully about the past: from today, the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, to the day work on the temple of the Lord was resumed, think about it. 19 The seed is still in the storehouse, isn’t it? And the vine, fig tree, pomegranate, and olive tree have not produced.⁠ Nevertheless, from today on I will bless you.’” 20 Then the Lord spoke to Haggai a second time on the twenty-fourth day of the month: 21 “Tell Zerubbabel governor of Judah: ‘I am ready to shake the sky and the earth. 22 I will overthrow royal thrones and shatter the might of earthly kingdoms. I will overthrow chariots and those who ride them, and horses and their riders will fall as people kill one another.⁠ 23 On that day,’ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, ‘I will take you, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, my servant,’ says the Lord, ‘and I will make you like a signet ring, for I have chosen you,’⁠ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Joshua 1:9 and Haggai 2:4

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Haggai uses common language found throughout the Hebrew Bible, especially in texts like Joshua and Deuteronomy, to emphasize that God is with the people and connect its message with established traditions.

Passages

Joshua 1:9

Hebrew Bible
7 Make sure you are very strong and brave! Carefully obey all the law my servant Moses charged you to keep. Do not swerve from it to the right or to the left, so that you may be successful in all you do. 8 This law scroll must not leave your lips. You must memorize it day and night so you can carefully obey all that is written in it. Then you will prosper and be successful. 9 I repeat, be strong and brave! Don’t be afraid and don’t panic, for I, the Lord your God, am with you in all you do.”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joshua

Haggai 2:4

Hebrew Bible
3 ‘Who among you survivors saw the former splendor of this temple? How does it look to you now? Isn’t it nothing by comparison?’ 4 Even so, take heart, Zerubbabel,” decrees the Lord. “Take heart, Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest. And take heart all you citizens of the land,” decrees the Lord, “and begin to work. For I am with you,” decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 5 “Do not fear, because I made a promise to your ancestors when they left Egypt, and my Spirit even now testifies to you.”
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Haggai

References

"... Form-critical inquiry has led to different perspectives from which to view chapter 1. Lohfink understands the chapter as the conclusion of the series of narratives found in Deuteronomy 1:37–38; 3:21–22, 28; 31:2–8, 14–15, 23; Joshua 1:2–9. He describes Joshua 1 as the prologue or overture to the book, introducing important motifs, joining the book of Joshua to the first volume of the work (Deuteronomy) and pointing to the arrangement of the book being introduced. Lohfink assigns this last function to Joshua 1:1–9, which introduces the two major themes of the book: occupation of the land west of the Jordan (chapters 1–12) and distribution of the land among the tribes (chapters 13–21) ... A legal command to assume the office of commander of the army, an office in which Joshua was installed in Deuteronomy 31:23, appears in Joshua 1:2–5. The basic elements of this genre comprise a sentence that establishes a fact (verse 2a), a command (verse 2b), and the necessary basis for implementation of the command (verses 3–5). Such a literary form is rooted in the legal language of Israel. The second literary form is that of the installation in the office of land distributor. This form appears in Joshua 1:6, 9 and includes the following elements: the formula of encouragement, the naming of the task, and the promise of divine presence. This form is also found in Deuteronomy 31:7–8; 31:23; 2 Samuel 10:12; 2 Chronicles 19:11b; Haggai 2:4 ..."
Trent C. Butler, Word Biblical Commentary: Joshua 1-12 (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2017), 385–386.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Joshua 1:9 and Haggai 2:4

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