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Habakkuk

About this book
Chapter 2

1 I will stand at my watch post; I will remain stationed on the city wall.⁠ I will keep watching so I can see what he says to me and can know how I should answer when he counters my argument. 2 The Lord responded: “Write down this message. Record it legibly on tablets so the one who announces it may read it easily.⁠ 3 For the message is a witness to what is decreed; it gives reliable testimony about how matters will turn out. Even if the message is not fulfilled right away, wait patiently; for it will certainly come to pass—it⁠ will not arrive late.⁠ 4 Look, the one whose desires are not upright will faint from exhaustion, but the person of integrity will live because of his faithfulness.⁠ 5 Indeed, wine will betray the proud, restless man! His appetite is as big as Sheol’s; like death, he is never satisfied. He gathers all the nations; he seizes all peoples.⁠ 6 “But all these nations will someday taunt him and ridicule him with proverbial sayings: ‘Woe to the one who accumulates what does not belong to him (how long will this go on?)—he who gets rich by extortion!’ 7 Your creditors will suddenly attack; those who terrify you will spring into action, and they will rob you. 8 Because you robbed many countries, all who are left among the nations will rob you.⁠ You have shed human blood and committed violent acts against lands, cities, and those who live in them. 9 “The one who builds his house by unjust gain is as good as dead. He does this so he can build his nest way up high and escape the clutches of disaster. 10 Your schemes will bring shame to your house. Because you destroyed many nations, you will self-destruct. 11 For the stones in the walls will cry out, and the wooden rafters will answer back. 12 “Woe to the one who builds a city by bloodshed—he who starts a town by unjust deeds.⁠ 13 Be sure of this! The Lord of Heaven’s Armies has decreed: The nations’ efforts will go up in smoke;⁠ their exhausting work will be for nothing. 14 For recognition of the Lord’s sovereign majesty will fill the earth just as the waters fill up the sea.⁠ 15 “Woe to you who force your neighbor to drink wine—you who make others intoxicated by forcing them to drink from the bowl of your furious anger so you can look at their naked bodies.⁠ 16 But you will become drunk with shame, not majesty. Now it is your turn to drink and expose your uncircumcised foreskin!⁠ The cup of wine in the Lord’s right hand is coming to you, and disgrace will replace your majestic glory!⁠ 17 For you will pay in full for your violent acts against Lebanon; terrifying judgment will come upon you because of the way you destroyed the wild animals living there. You have shed human blood and committed violent acts against lands, cities, and those who live in them. 18 What good is an idol? Why would a craftsman make it? What good is a metal image that gives misleading oracles? Why would its creator place his trust in it and make such mute, worthless things? 19 Woe to the one who says to wood, ‘Wake up!’—he who says to speechless stone, ‘Awake!’ Can it give reliable guidance? It is overlaid with gold and silver; it has no life’s breath inside it. 20 But the Lord is in his majestic palace. The whole earth is speechless in his presence!”

Texts in conversation

Compare Habakkuk 2:4 and Galatians 3:11

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Habakkuk describes a righteous person who lives by their faithfulness. In Galatians, Paul reshapes this verse to build an argument that prioritizes faith in Jesus instead of following the Torah for Gentile believers.

Passages

Habakkuk 2:4

Hebrew Bible
3 For the message is a witness to what is decreed; it gives reliable testimony about how matters will turn out. Even if the message is not fulfilled right away, wait patiently; for it will certainly come to pass—it will not arrive late. 4 Look, the one whose desires are not upright will faint from exhaustion, but the person of integrity will live because of his faithfulness. 5 Indeed, wine will betray the proud, restless man! His appetite is as big as Sheol’s; like death, he is never satisfied. He gathers all the nations; he seizes all peoples.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Habakkuk

Galatians 3:11

New Testament
10 For all who rely on doing the works of the law are under a curse because it is written, “Cursed is everyone who does not keep on doing everything written in the book of the law.” 11 Now it is clear no one is justified before God by the law because the righteous one will live by faith. 12 But the law is not based on faith, but the one who does the works of the law will live by them.
48–55 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Galatians

References

“... Leviticus 18:5 resonates with Habakkuk 2:4. Paul does not cite Habakkuk 2:4 near Romans 10:5, but he echoes its key phrase three times in the immediate context and speaks repeatedly of its subject matter–the act of God in Christ that gifts life to the world (i.e., δικαιοσύνη θεοῦ). He does juxtapose these texts explicitly in Galatians 3:11–12, where he has sculpted them into a parallel stylistic form (an arthrous substantive, an identical verb, and a key instrumental prepositional phrase). And that juxtaposition is antithetical. Moreover, Paul negates a scriptural endorsement of “doing the law” in Galatians 3 not once but twice (and this total does not include his other negations of “works of law”). These considerations point to an important exegetical judgment. The citation of Leviticus 18:5 in Romans 10:5 is a programmatic summary of Israel’s own righteousness that she “seeks to establish” over against the righteous saving act by God in Christ ...”
Douglas A. Campbell, The Deliverance of God: An Apocalyptic Rereading of Justification in Paul (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2009), 1106.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Habakkuk 2:4 and Galatians 3:11

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