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Habakkuk

About this book
Chapter 1

1 This is the oracle that the prophet Habakkuk saw: 2 How long, Lord, must I cry for help? But you do not listen! I call out to you, “Violence!” But you do not deliver!⁠ 3 Why do you force me to witness injustice? Why do you put up with wrongdoing? Destruction and violence confront me; conflict is present and one must endure strife. 4 For this reason the law lacks power, and justice is never carried out. Indeed, the wicked intimidate the innocent. For this reason justice is perverted. 5 “Look at the nations and pay attention!⁠ You will be shocked and amazed! For I will do something in your lifetime that you will not believe even though you are forewarned. 6 Look, I am about to empower the Babylonians,⁠ that ruthless and greedy nation. They sweep across the surface of the earth, seizing dwelling places that do not belong to them. 7 They are frightening and terrifying; they decide for themselves what is right. 8 Their horses are faster than leopards and more alert than wolves in the desert.⁠ Their horses gallop, their horses come a great distance; like eagles25 they swoop down quickly to devour their prey.⁠ 9 All of them intend to do violence; every face is determined. They take prisoners as easily as one scoops up sand. 10 They mock kings and laugh at rulers. They laugh at every fortified city; they build siege ramps and capture them. 11 They sweep by like the wind and pass on. But the one who considers himself a god will be held guilty.”⁠ 12 Lord, you have been active from ancient times; my sovereign God, we will not die35.⁠ Lord, you have made them your instrument of judgment. Protector, you have appointed them as your instrument of punishment. 13 You are too just to tolerate evil; you are unable to condone wrongdoing. So why do you put up with such treacherous people? Why do you say nothing when the wicked devour those more righteous than they are?⁠ 14 You made people like fish in the sea, like animals in the sea that have no ruler. 15 The Babylonian tyrant pulls them all up with a fishhook; he hauls them in with his throw net. When he catches them in his dragnet, he is very happy. 16 Because of his success he offers sacrifices to his throw net and burns incense to his dragnet; for because of them he has plenty of food and more than enough to eat. 17 Will he then continue to fill and empty his throw net? Will he always destroy nations and spare none?

Texts in conversation

Compare Habakkuk 1:13 and 1QpHab 5:10

Hebrew Bible · Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Interpretation

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Summary

In Habakkuk, the prophet asks why God stays silent when the wicked harm the righteous. In 1QpHab, a Dead Sea Scrolls commentary, the complaint is directed at people who stayed silent when the Teacher of Righteousness needed help.

Passages

Habakkuk 1:13

Hebrew Bible
12 Lord, you have been active from ancient times; my sovereign God, we will not die35. Lord, you have made them your instrument of judgment. Protector, you have appointed them as your instrument of punishment. 13 You are too just to tolerate evil; you are unable to condone wrongdoing. So why do you put up with such treacherous people? Why do you say nothing when the wicked devour those more righteous than they are? 14 You made people like fish in the sea, like animals in the sea that have no ruler.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Habakkuk

1QpHab 5:10

Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Interpretation · Commentary on Habakkuk
8 wickedness. Why do you look on, traitors, and keep silent when 9 the wicked swallows one more righteous than he? Its interpretation concerns the house of Absalom 10 and the men of their counsel, who kept silent at the reproof of the Teacher of Righteousness 11 and did not help him against the Man of the Lie, who rejected 12 the Torah in the midst of their whole congregation. And you make humankind like the fish of the sea,
175–100 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1QpHab

References

“... (3) The pesher on Hab 1:13 refers to a power struggle involving the Teacher of Righteousness. O traitors, why do you stare and keep silence when an evil person swallows someone more righteous than himself? (Hab 1:13b). Interpreted, this concerns the House of Absalom and the mem- bers of its council who were silent at the time of the chastise- ment of the Teacher of Righteousness and gave him no help against the Liar who flouted the Law in the midst of their whole [congregation]. (1QpHab V 8–12) Absalom was a beloved son of David who rose in rebellion against him, which is why the traitors are nicknamed “House of Absalom.” They are criticized for not aiding the Teacher of Righteousness when he was harassed by “the Liar.” We do not know who this bad guy was, but he was evidently someone with power and influence who made trouble for the Teacher. An interesting and important feature of this passage is how the pesher misquotes Habakkuk. In the original, this verse is addressed to God: “Why do you look on the treacherous, and stay silent when the wicked swallow those more righteous than themselves?” The pesher alters the verse’s word- ing so that it rebukes traitors instead of questioning God. The pesher also transforms Habakkuk’s plural “wicked” and “righteous” into singular nouns referring to specific individuals (the Liar and the Teacher of Righteousness). This kind of textual manipulation is a standard pesher technique. (More on this below.) ...”
Robert J. Miller, Helping Jesus Fulfill Prophecy (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2016), 76.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Habakkuk 1:13 and 1QpHab 5:10

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