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Genesis

About this book

The Sons of God and Human Women

Chapter 6

1 When humankind began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born to them,⁠ 2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of humankind were beautiful. Thus they took wives for themselves from any they chose.⁠ 3 So the Lord said, “My Spirit will not remain in humankind indefinitely, since they are mortal.⁠ They will remain for 120 more years.”⁠ 4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days⁠ (and also after this) when the sons of God would sleep with the daughters of humankind,⁠ who gave birth to their children.⁠ They were the mighty heroes of old, the famous men.⁠

Human Wickedness and God's Judgment

5 But the Lord saw that the wickedness of humankind had become great on the earth. Every inclination of the thoughts of their minds was only evil all the time. 6 The Lord regretted that he had made humankind on the earth, and he was highly offended.⁠ 7 So the Lord said, “I will blot out* humankind, whom I have created, from the face of the earth—everything⁠ from humankind to animals, including creatures that move on the ground and birds of the air, for I regret that I have made them.”⁠ 8 But Noah found favor in the sight of the Lord.

Noah and the Ark

9 This is the account of Noah. Noah was a godly man; he was blameless among his contemporaries. He walked with God. 10 Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. 11 The earth was ruined in the sight of God; the earth was filled with violence.⁠ 12 God saw the earth, and indeed it was ruined, for all living creatures on the earth were sinful.⁠ 13 So God said to Noah,⁠ “I have decided that all living creatures must die, for the earth is filled with violence because of them.⁠ Now I am about to destroy them and the earth.⁠ 14 Make for yourself an ark of cypress wood. Make rooms in the ark, and cover it with pitch inside and out.⁠ 15 This is how you should make it: The ark is to be 450 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high. 16 Make a roof for the ark and finish it, leaving 18 inches from the top. Put a door in the side of the ark, and make lower, middle, and upper decks. 17 I am about to bring floodwaters on the earth to destroy from under the sky all the living creatures that have the breath of life in them.⁠ Everything that is on the earth will die,⁠ 18 but I will confirm my covenant with you. You will enter the ark—you, your sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives with you. 19 You must bring into the ark two of every kind of living creature from all flesh, male and female, to keep them alive with you.⁠ 20 Of the birds after their kinds, and of the cattle after their kinds, and of every creeping thing of the ground after its kind, two of every kind will come to you so you can keep them alive. 21 And you must take for yourself every kind of food that is eaten, and gather it together. It will be food for you and for them.” 22 And Noah did all that God commanded him—he did indeed.

Texts in conversation

Does Numbers Suggest the Nephilim Survived the Flood?

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis describes the Nephilim as giants born before the flood from divine and human unions. Numbers mentions them in Canaan, connecting them with the Anakim and other giants, preserving a distinct tradition where they were not killed by the flood.

Passages

Genesis 6:4

Hebrew Bible
1 When humankind began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born to them, 2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of humankind were beautiful. Thus they took wives for themselves from any they chose. 3 So the Lord said, “My Spirit will not remain in humankind indefinitely, since they are mortal. They will remain for 120 more years.” 4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days (and also after this) when the sons of God would sleep with the daughters of humankind, who gave birth to their children. They were the mighty heroes of old, the famous men. 5 But the Lord saw that the wickedness of humankind had become great on the earth. Every inclination of the thoughts of their minds was only evil all the time. 6 The Lord regretted that he had made humankind on the earth, and he was highly offended.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Numbers 13:33

Hebrew Bible
31 But the men who had gone up with him said, “We are not able to go up against these people, because they are stronger than we are!” 32 Then they presented the Israelites with a discouraging report of the land they had investigated, saying, “The land that we passed through to investigate is a land that devours its inhabitants. All the people we saw there are of great stature. 33 We even saw the Nephilim there (the descendants of Anak came from the Nephilim), and we seemed like grasshoppers both to ourselves and to them.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

References

"... The specific correlation between the Nephilim in Numbers 13:33 and “the sons of Anak” (verses 22, 28) would have widened the horizon for ancient readers to have inferred links between groups of various names within the biblical tradition, whether in the Masoretic text or the LXX tradition. For example, in Deuteronomy 2:10–11 an apparent gloss refers to inhabitants of Ar called “the Emim … a great and numerous and tall people” who “like the Anakim are thought to be the Rephaim” (see also verses 20–21). The correspondence chain of Giborim = Nephilim = Anakim = Rephaim, which could be inferred from reading synthetically the Hebrew of Genesis 6, Numbers 13, and Deuteronomy 2, is consistent with a translation strategy in the Greek tradition that often applied, as we have seen above, the term γίγας ('giants'), for these words. By implication, Og king of Bashan could have been related to this circle, as may be suggested by the gloss at Deuteronomy 3:11 (see also 3:13) about the unusually large size of his bed and the claim that he “alone was left remaining from the remnant of the Rephaim (הרפאים)” ..."
Loren T. Stuckenbruck, The Myth of Rebellious Angels: Studies in Second Temple Judaism and New Testament Texts (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2014), 6.
"... The Nephilim were last mentioned in a J text (Genesis 6:4), which identifies them as giants, the offspring of human women and “the sons of God.” Now they are found living in the land. Later (in a J text in Joshua), Joshua eliminates the giants from all the land except the city of Gath and two other Philistine cities (Joshua 11:21-22). And later still, the famous Philistine giant Goliath comes from Gath (in 1 Samuel 17:4, a text identified in The Hidden Book in the Bible as having been written by the same author as J) ..."
Richard Elliott Friedman, The Bible with Sources Revealed: A New View into the Five Books of Moses (New York: HarperOne, 2005), 263.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 6:4 and Numbers 13:33

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