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Genesis

About this book

Jacob's Family Goes to Egypt

Chapter 46

1 So Israel began his journey, taking with him all that he had. When he came to Beer Sheba he offered sacrifices to the God of his father Isaac. 2 God spoke to Israel in a vision during the night and said, “Jacob, Jacob!” He replied, “Here I am!”⁠ 3 He said, “I am God, the God of your father. Do not be afraid to go down to Egypt, for I will make you into a great nation there. 4 I will go down with you to Egypt and I myself will certainly bring you back from there. Joseph will close your eyes.” 5 Then Jacob started out from Beer Sheba, and the sons of Israel carried their father Jacob, their little children, and their wives in the wagons that Pharaoh had sent along to transport him. 6 Jacob and all his descendants took their livestock and the possessions they had acquired⁠ in the land of Canaan, and they went to Egypt. 7 He brought with him to Egypt his sons and grandsons, his daughters and granddaughters—all his descendants.

The Family Who Entered Egypt

8 These are the names of the sons of Israel who went to Egypt—Jacob and his sons: Reuben, the firstborn of Jacob. 9 The sons of Reuben: Hanoch, Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi. 10 The sons of Simeon: Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jakin, Zohar, and Shaul (the son of a Canaanite woman). 11 The sons of Levi: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari. 12 The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zerah (but Er and Onan died in the land of Canaan). The sons of Perez were Hezron and Hamul. 13 The sons of Issachar: Tola, Puah, Jashub, and Shimron. 14 The sons of Zebulun: Sered, Elon, and Jahleel. 15 These were the sons of Leah, whom she bore to Jacob in Paddan Aram, along with Dinah his daughter. His sons and daughters numbered thirty-three in all. 16 The sons of Gad: Zephon, Haggi, Shuni, Ezbon, Eri, Arodi, and Areli. 17 The sons of Asher: Imnah, Ishvah, Ishvi, Beriah, and Serah their sister. The sons of Beriah were Heber and Malkiel. 18 These were the sons of Zilpah, whom Laban gave to Leah his daughter. She bore these to Jacob, sixteen in all. 19 The sons of Rachel the wife of Jacob: Joseph and Benjamin. 20 Manasseh and Ephraim were born to Joseph in the land of Egypt. Asenath daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, bore them to him. 21 The sons of Benjamin: Bela, Beker, Ashbel, Gera, Naaman, Ehi, Rosh, Muppim, Huppim and Ard. 22 These were the sons of Rachel who were born to Jacob, fourteen in all. 23 The son of Dan: Hushim. 24 The sons of Naphtali: Jahziel, Guni, Jezer, and Shillem. 25 These were the sons of Bilhah, whom Laban gave to Rachel his daughter. She bore these to Jacob, seven in all. 26 All the direct descendants of Jacob who went to Egypt with him were sixty-six in number. (This number does not include the wives of Jacob’s sons.) 27 Counting the two sons of Joseph who were born to him in Egypt, all the people of the household of Jacob who were in Egypt numbered seventy.⁠

Jacob and Joseph Reunited

28 Jacob sent Judah before him to Joseph to accompany him to Goshen. So they came to the land of Goshen. 29 Joseph harnessed his chariot and went up to meet his father Israel in Goshen. When he met him, he hugged his neck and wept on his neck for quite some time. 30 Israel said to Joseph, “Now let me die since I have seen your face and know that you are still alive.” 31 Then Joseph said to his brothers and his father’s household, “I will go up and tell Pharaoh, ‘My brothers and my father’s household who were in the land of Canaan have come to me. 32 The men are shepherds; they take care of livestock. They have brought their flocks and their herds and all that they have.’ 33 Pharaoh will summon you and say, ‘What is your occupation?’ 34 Tell him, ‘Your servants have taken care of cattle from our youth until now, both we and our fathers,’ so that you may live in the land of Goshen, for everyone who takes care of sheep is disgusting to the Egyptians.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 46:27 and LXX Genesis 46:27 and Jubilees 44:33

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

The Hebrew version of Genesis says Jacob's household in Egypt had seventy people, while the Greek Septuagint translation follows a different tradition that says seventy-five. Jubilees addresses the difference, counting seventy and noting five who died.

Passages

Genesis 46:27

Hebrew Bible
26 All the direct descendants of Jacob who went to Egypt with him were sixty-six in number. (This number does not include the wives of Jacob’s sons.) 27 Counting the two sons of Joseph who were born to him in Egypt, all the people of the household of Jacob who were in Egypt numbered seventy. 28 Jacob sent Judah before him to Joseph to accompany him to Goshen. So they came to the land of Goshen.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

LXX Genesis 46:27

Septuagint
26 And all the souls that came with Jacob into Egypt, who were his own descendants, besides the wives of the sons of Jacob, even all the souls were sixty-six. 27 And the sons of Joseph, who were born to him in the land of Egypt, were nine souls; all the souls of the house of Jacob who came with Joseph into Egypt, were seventy-five souls. 28 And he sent Judah before him to Joseph, to meet him at Heroonpolis, into the land of Rameses.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Genesis

Jubilees 44:33

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
30 And these are the names of the sons of Naphtali: Jahziel, and Guni and Jezer, and Shallum, and 'Iv. 31 And 'Iv, who was born after the years of famine, died in Egypt. 32 And all the people of Rachel were twenty-six. 33 And all the people of Jacob which went into Egypt were seventy people. These are his children and his children's children, in all seventy, but five died in Egypt before Joseph, and had no children. 34 And in the land of Canaan two sons of Judah died, Er and Onan, and they had no children, and the children of Israel buried those who perished, and they were counted among the seventy nations.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

... The text of Jubilees likewise offers some confusing numbers. The writer reaches the total of seventy by adding up the sums he has supplied throughout the list. In their simplest form they are: Leah thirty (including Jacob), Zilpah fourteen (the total for Leah is forty-four), Rachel fourteen, and Bilhah twelve (the total for Rachel is twenty-six); all told, they are seventy. However, the writer then takes up the cases of five individuals who died in Egypt: Dan's four extra sons (Samon, Asudi, Iyaka, Salomon) and Naphtali's fifth son Ev. The names belong in the total of seventy for the entire list, so the author is not excluding them from it. He had already reported that those four sons of Dan died the year they entered Egypt, so they legitimately belong among those who entered with Jacob. ...
James C. VanderKam, Jubilees 2: A Commentary on the Book of Jubilees Chapters 22-50 (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2018), 1100–1102.
... Seventy souls are numbered in Genesis 46:27; Exodus 1:5; and Deuteronomy 10:22. Stephen follows the Septuagint with his numbering, which has the number 75 in the first two passages.—In Jubilees 44:33, the two numbers are harmonized: “All the souls (of the children) of Jacob who went into Egypt were 70. And these are now his children and the children of his children, all together they were 70; but there were five who died in Egypt before they married, and they had no children.”—In the rabbinic literature, there are many attempts to reconcile the numbers 66 and 70 in Genesis 46:26 and 27. ...
Hermann L. Strack and Paul Billerbeck, A Commentary on the New Testament from the Talmud and Midrash, Volume 2: Mark through Acts (Bellingham, WA: Lexham, 2022), 1283.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 46:27 and LXX Genesis 46:27 and Jubilees 44:33

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