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Genesis

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Jacob Encounters Angels

Chapter 32

1 So Jacob went on his way and the angels of God met him.⁠ 2 When Jacob saw them, he exclaimed, “This is the camp of God!” So he named that place Mahanaim.

Jacob Prepares to Meet Esau

3 Jacob sent messengers on ahead to his brother Esau in the land of Seir, the region of Edom.⁠ 4 He commanded them, “This is what you must say to my lord Esau: ‘This is what your servant Jacob says: I have been staying with Laban until now. 5 I have oxen, donkeys, sheep, and male and female servants. I have sent this message to inform my lord, so that I may find favor in your sight.’” 6 The messengers returned to Jacob and said, “We went to your brother Esau. He is coming to meet you and has 400 men with him.” 7 Jacob was very afraid and upset. So he divided the people who were with him into two camps, as well as the flocks, herds, and camels. 8 “If Esau attacks one camp,” he thought, “then the other camp will be able to escape.” 9 Then Jacob prayed, “O God of my father Abraham, God of my father Isaac, O Lord, you said to me, ‘Return to your land and to your relatives and I will make you prosper.’ 10 I am not worthy of all the faithful love you have shown your servant. With only my walking stick I crossed the Jordan, but now I have become two camps. 11 Rescue me, I pray, from the hand of my brother Esau, for I am afraid he will come and attack me, as well as the mothers with their children. 12 But you said, ‘I will certainly make you prosper and will make your descendants like the sand on the seashore, too numerous to count.’” 13 Jacob stayed there that night. Then he sent as a gift to his brother Esau 14 200 female goats and 20 male goats, 200 ewes and 20 rams, 15 30 female camels with their young, 40 cows and 10 bulls, and 20 female donkeys and 10 male donkeys. 16 He entrusted them to his servants, who divided them into herds. He told his servants, “Pass over before me, and keep some distance between one herd and the next.” 17 He instructed the servant leading the first herd, “When my brother Esau meets you and asks, ‘To whom do you belong? Where are you going? Whose herds are you driving?’ 18 then you must say, ‘They belong to your servant Jacob. They have been sent as a gift to my lord Esau. In fact Jacob himself is behind us.’” 19 He also gave these instructions to the second and third servants, as well as all those who were following the herds, saying, “You must say the same thing to Esau when you meet him. 20 You must also say, ‘In fact your servant Jacob is behind us.’” Jacob thought, “I will first appease him by sending a gift ahead of me. After that I will meet him. Perhaps he will accept me.” 21 So the gifts were sent on ahead of him while he spent that night in the camp.

Jacob Wrestles at the Jabbok

22 During the night Jacob quickly took his two wives, his two female servants, and his eleven sons and crossed the ford of the Jabbok. 23 He took them and sent them across the stream along with all his possessions. 24 So Jacob was left alone. Then a man wrestled with him until daybreak.⁠ 25 When the man saw that he could not defeat Jacob, he struck the socket of his hip⁠ so the socket of Jacob’s hip was dislocated while he wrestled with him. 26 Then the man said, “Let me go, for the dawn is breaking.” “I will not let you go,” Jacob replied, “unless you bless me.” 27 The man asked him, “What is your name?” He answered, “Jacob.” 28 “No longer will your name be Jacob,” the man told him, “but Israel,⁠ because you have fought with God and with men and have prevailed.”⁠ 29 Then Jacob asked, “Please tell me your name.” “Why do you ask my name?” the man replied. Then he blessed Jacob there. 30 So Jacob named the place Peniel, explaining, “Certainly I have seen God face to face and have survived.”⁠ 31 The sun rose over him as he crossed over Penuel, but he was limping because of his hip. 32 That is why to this day the Israelites do not eat the sinew which is attached to the socket of the hip, because he struck the socket of Jacob’s hip near the attached sinew.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 32:30 and Exodus 33:11

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis says Jacob saw God face to face and lived, and Exodus similarly describes Moses meeting God face to face and asking to see God’s glory. These stories suggest a Torah tradition where seeing God was not seen as a problem, unlike Exodus 33.

Passages

Genesis 32:30

Hebrew Bible
28 “No longer will your name be Jacob,” the man told him, “but Israel, because you have fought with God and with men and have prevailed.” 29 Then Jacob asked, “Please tell me your name.” “Why do you ask my name?” the man replied. Then he blessed Jacob there. 30 So Jacob named the place Peniel, explaining, “Certainly I have seen God face to face and have survived.” 31 The sun rose over him as he crossed over Penuel, but he was limping because of his hip. 32 That is why to this day the Israelites do not eat the sinew which is attached to the socket of the hip, because he struck the socket of Jacob’s hip near the attached sinew.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Exodus 33:11

Hebrew Bible
9 And whenever Moses entered the tent, the pillar of cloud would descend and stand at the entrance of the tent, and the Lord would speak with Moses. 10 When all the people would see the pillar of cloud standing at the entrance of the tent, all the people, each one at the entrance of his own tent, would rise and worship. 11 The Lord would speak to Moses face to face, the way a person speaks to a friend. Then Moses would return to the camp, but his servant, Joshua son of Nun, a young man, did not leave the tent. 12 Moses said to the Lord, “See, you have been saying to me, ‘Bring this people up,’ but you have not let me know whom you will send with me. But you said, ‘I know you by name, and also you have found favor in my sight.’ 13 Now if I have found favor in your sight, show me your way, that I may know you, that I may continue to find favor in your sight. And see that this nation is your people.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

References

"... Moses seems to have taken his interpretation of the Sinai event a bit too far, especially as it is stated in the closure of Deuteronomy that: 'there never arose another prophet in Israel like Moses, whom Yahweh knew face to face' (Deuteronomy 34:10). The antecedent of the statement is Moses’ encounter with Yahweh in Exodus 33:11: 'And Yahweh spoke with Moses face to face, as a man speaks with his neighbor and he returned to the camp, but his attendant, the young lad Joshua ben Nun did not leave the tent.' Both passages are implicitly contrasting Moses with Joshua, who being a subordinate successor of Moses merely interprets what Yahweh commanded Moses (Deuteronomy 34:9): 'And Joshua ben Nun was filled with the spirit of wisdom, for Moses had laid his hands on him. And the Israelites listened to him and they did whatever Yahweh had commanded to Moses.' Moses’ encounter with Yahweh, 'face to face' is either a hyperbolic statement or it could mean 'one opposite the other' as seems indicated in Exodus 33:18-23’s midrashic interpretation of the encounter, which echoes Jacob’s night-time wrestling with God and man in Genesis 32:25–32. Analogous with Jacob’s request to know God’s name (Genesis 32:30), Moses challenges Yahweh by requesting that he shows him his glory, (Exodus 33:18). Jacob’s request was not granted though, he nevertheless claimed that he had seen Elohim 'face to face and yet saved his life' (Genesis 32:30) ..."
Ingrid Hjelm in Rewriting and Reception in and of the Bible, ed. Jesper Høgenhaven, Jesper Tang Nielsen, and Heike Omerzu (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2018), 33–48.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 32:30 and Exodus 33:11

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