Go to Related Reading
About this book

Genesis

About this book

Isaac Sends Jacob to Paddan-aram

Chapter 28

1 So Isaac called for Jacob and blessed him. Then he commanded him, “You must not marry a Canaanite woman! 2 Leave immediately for Paddan Aram! Go to the house of Bethuel, your mother’s father, and find yourself a wife there, among the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother. 3 May the Sovereign God bless you! May he make you fruitful and give you a multitude of descendants! Then you will become a large nation. 4 May he give you and your descendants the blessing he gave to Abraham so that you may possess the land God gave to Abraham, the land where you have been living as a temporary resident.” 5 So Isaac sent Jacob on his way, and he went to Paddan Aram, to Laban son of Bethuel the Aramean and brother of Rebekah, the mother of Jacob and Esau.

Esau Marries Ishmael's Daughter

6 Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him off to Paddan Aram to find a wife there. As he blessed him, Isaac commanded him, “You must not marry a Canaanite woman.” 7 Jacob obeyed his father and mother and left for Paddan Aram. 8 Then Esau realized that the Canaanite women were displeasing to his father Isaac. 9 So Esau went to Ishmael and married Mahalath, the sister of Nebaioth and daughter of Abraham’s son Ishmael, along with the wives he already had.

Jacob's Dream at Bethel

10 Meanwhile Jacob left Beer Sheba and set out for Haran. 11 He reached a certain place where he decided to camp because the sun had gone down. He took one of the stones and placed it near his head. Then he fell asleep in that place⁠ 12 and had a dream.⁠ He saw a stairway erected on the earth with its top reaching to the heavens.⁠ The angels of God were going up and coming down it⁠ 13 and the Lord stood at its top. He said, “I am the Lord, the God of your grandfather Abraham and the God of your father Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the ground you are lying on. 14 Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out⁠ to the west, east, north, and south. And so all the families of the earth may receive blessings through you and through your descendants. 15 I am with you! I will protect you wherever you go and will bring you back to this land. I will not leave you until I have done what I promised you!” 16 Then Jacob woke up and thought, “Surely the Lord is in this place, but I did not realize it!”⁠ 17 He was afraid and said, “What an awesome place this is! This is nothing else than the house of God! This is the gate of heaven!”⁠ 18 Early in the morning Jacob took the stone he had placed near his head and set it up as a sacred stone.⁠ Then he poured oil on top of it.⁠ 19 He called that place Bethel, although the former name of the town was Luz. 20 Then Jacob made a vow, saying, “If God is with me and protects me on this journey I am taking and gives me food to eat and clothing to wear, 21 and I return safely to my father’s home, then the Lord will become my God. 22 Then this stone that I have set up as a sacred stone will be the house of God, and I will surely give you back a tenth of everything you give me.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 28:16 and Onkelos Genesis 28:16

Hebrew Bible · Targum

Share:

Summary

In Genesis 28, Jacob realizes that God is present in a specific place. The Aramaic translation in Targum Onkelos avoids implying God is confined there by speaking of God’s “glory” instead, following a pattern of removing physical descriptions of God.

Passages

Genesis 28:16

Hebrew Bible
15 I am with you! I will protect you wherever you go and will bring you back to this land. I will not leave you until I have done what I promised you!” 16 Then Jacob woke up and thought, “Surely the Lord is in this place, but I did not realize it!” 17 He was afraid and said, “What an awesome place this is! This is nothing else than the house of God! This is the gate of heaven!”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Onkelos Genesis 28:16

Targum
15 And, look, My Memra shall be your help, and I will guard you wherever you go, and I will bring you again to this land; for I will not leave you until I have done what I say to you. 16 And Jacob awoke from his sleep, and said, Truly the Glory of the Lord dwells in this place, and I did not know it. 17 And he was afraid and said, How awe-inspiring is this place! This place is not ordinary ground, but a place where there is pleasantness before the Lord; and this is near the gate of heaven.
50–500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Onkelos Genesis

References

"... “Glory” can also be used wherever the targumist wished to render any biblical text that suggested God was spatially located in a place, as in Genesis 28:16 (Onkelos, Neofiti) or Genesis 17:22 ... Usually, however, God’s local manifestation was denoted by the term “presence” ... Unlike the term “glory,” the term Shekhinah did not already have a long tradition behind it in Jewish theology, but the concept goes back to the biblical use of the verb used to denote the “dwelling” or local manifestation of God (Exodus 40:35; Deuteronomy 33:16) ..."
Edward M. Cook, “The Interpretation of the Hebrew Bible in the Targums,” in A Companion to Biblical Interpretation in Early Judaism, ed. Matthias Henze (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2012), 92–117.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Genesis 28:16 and Onkelos Genesis 28:16

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library