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Genesis

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Isaac and Rebekah in Gerar

Chapter 26

1 There was a famine in the land, subsequent to the earlier famine that occurred in the days of Abraham. Isaac went to Abimelech king of the Philistines at Gerar. 2 The Lord appeared to Isaac and said, “Do not go down to Egypt; settle down in the land that I will point out to you. 3 Stay in this land. Then I will be with you and will bless you, for I will give all these lands to you and to your descendants, and I will fulfill the solemn promise I made to your father Abraham. 4 I will multiply your descendants so they will be as numerous as the stars in the sky,⁠ and I will give them all these lands. All the nations of the earth will pronounce blessings on one another using the name of your descendants. 5 All this will come to pass because Abraham obeyed me and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws.”⁠ 6 So Isaac settled in Gerar. 7 When the men of that place asked him about his wife, he replied, “She is my sister.”⁠ He was afraid to say, “She is my wife,” for he thought to himself, “The men of this place will kill me to get Rebekah because she is very beautiful.” 8 After Isaac had been there a long time, Abimelech king of the Philistines happened to look out a window and observed Isaac caressing his wife Rebekah. 9 So Abimelech summoned Isaac and said, “She is really your wife! Why did you say, ‘She is my sister’?” Isaac replied, “Because I thought someone might kill me to get her.” 10 Then Abimelech exclaimed, “What in the world have you done to us? One of the men nearly took your wife to bed, and you would have brought guilt on us!” 11 So Abimelech commanded all the people, “Whoever touches this man or his wife will surely be put to death.”⁠ 12 When Isaac planted in that land, he reaped in the same year a hundred times what he had sown, because the Lord blessed him. 13 The man became wealthy. His influence continued to grow until he became very prominent. 14 He had so many sheep and cattle and such a great household of servants that the Philistines became jealous of him. 15 So the Philistines took dirt and filled up all the wells that his father’s servants had dug back in the days of his father Abraham. 16 Then Abimelech said to Isaac, “Leave us and go elsewhere, for you have become much more powerful than we are.”

Disputes over Wells

17 So Isaac left there and settled in the Gerar Valley. 18 Isaac reopened the wells that had been dug back in the days of his father Abraham, for the Philistines had stopped them up after Abraham died. Isaac gave these wells the same names his father had given them. 19 When Isaac’s servants dug in the valley and discovered a well with fresh flowing water there, 20 the herdsmen of Gerar quarreled with Isaac’s herdsmen, saying, “The water belongs to us!” So Isaac named the well Esek because they argued with him about it. 21 His servants dug another well, but they quarreled over it too, so Isaac named it Sitnah. 22 Then he moved away from there and dug another well. They did not quarrel over it, so Isaac named it Rehoboth, saying, “For now the Lord has made room for us, and we will prosper in the land.”

Isaac at Beersheba

23 From there Isaac went up to Beer Sheba. 24 The Lord appeared to him that night and said, “I am the God of your father Abraham. Do not be afraid, for I am with you. I will bless you and multiply your descendants for the sake of my servant Abraham.”⁠ 25 Then Isaac built an altar there and worshiped the Lord. He pitched his tent there, and his servants dug a well. 26 Now Abimelech had come to him from Gerar along with Ahuzzah his friend and Phicol the commander of his army. 27 Isaac asked them, “Why have you come to me? You hate me and sent me away from you.” 28 They replied, “We could plainly see that the Lord is with you. So we decided there should be a pact between us—between us and you. Allow us to make a treaty with you 29 so that you will not do us any harm, just as we have not harmed you, but have always treated you well before sending you away in peace. Now you are blessed by the Lord.” 30 So Isaac held a feast for them and they celebrated. 31 Early in the morning the men made a treaty with each other. Isaac sent them off; they separated on good terms. 32 That day Isaac’s servants came and told him about the well they had dug. “We’ve found water,” they reported. 33 So he named it Shibah; that is why the name of the city has been Beer Sheba to this day.

Esau's Marriages

34 When Esau was forty years old, he married Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, as well as Basemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite.⁠ 35 They caused Isaac and Rebekah great anxiety.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 26:34 and Jubilees 25:1

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

Genesis 26 describes how Esau married two Hittite women who brought trouble to Isaac and Rebekah. Jubilees 25 draws on this, having Rebecca warn Jacob away from Canaanite wives and recalling how Esau’s marriages brought trouble to her life.

Passages

Genesis 26:34

Hebrew Bible
32 That day Isaac’s servants came and told him about the well they had dug. “We’ve found water,” they reported. 33 So he named it Shibah; that is why the name of the city has been Beer Sheba to this day. 34 When Esau was forty years old, he married Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, as well as Basemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite. 35 They caused Isaac and Rebekah great anxiety.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Jubilees 25:1

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
1 And in the second year of this week in this jubilee [2109], Rebekah called Jacob her son, and spoke to him, saying: 'My son, do not marry a woman from among the daughters of Canaan, as Esau, your brother, who married two women from among the daughters of Canaan, and they have made me bitter with all their unclean deeds: for all their deeds are sexual immorality and lust, and there is no righteousness with them, for (their deeds) are evil. 2 And I, my son, love you deeply, and my heart and my affection bless you every hour of the day and period of the night. 3 And now, my son, listen to my voice, and do the will of your mother, and do not marry a woman from among the daughters of this land, but only of the house of my father, and of my father's relatives. You shall marry a woman from among the house of my father, and the Most High God will bless you, and your children shall be a righteous generation and holy descendants.'
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

... Genesis reports Esau’s marriage to two Hittites and the bitterness it caused his parents: “When Esau was forty years old, he married Judith daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Basemath daughter of Elon the Hittite; and they made life bitter for Isaac and Rebekah” (26:34-35). Perhaps under the influence of the second reference in Genesis to this situation (Genesis 27:46, “Rebekah said to Isaac, ‘I am weary of my life because of the Hittite women’”), Jubilees speaks of the bitterness in relation only to Rebecca. It paints Esau, therefore, as the prime negative example, returning to it again in 27:8 and 35:15, although it is aware that Esau finally marries appropriately when he marries Mahalath a daughter of Ishmael (29:13), but mentions it only incidentally. ...
William Loader, Enoch, Levi, and Jubilees on Sexuality: Attitudes towards Sexuality in the Early Enoch Literature, the Aramaic Levi Document, and the Book of Jubilees (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2007), 162–163.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 26:34 and Jubilees 25:1

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