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Genesis

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The Call and Promise to Abram

Chapter 12

1 Now the Lord said to Abram, “Go out from your country, your relatives, and your father’s household⁠ to the land that I will show you.⁠ 2 Then I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you, and I will make your name great,⁠ so that you will exemplify divine blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, but the one who treats you lightly I must curse,⁠ so that all the families of the earth may receive blessing through you.”⁠ 4 So Abram left, just as the Lord had told him to do, and Lot went with him. (Now Abram was 75 years old when he departed from Haran.)⁠ 5 And Abram took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and all the possessions they had accumulated⁠ and the people they had acquired in Haran, and they left for the land of Canaan. They entered the land of Canaan. 6 Abram traveled through the land as far as the oak tree of Moreh at Shechem.⁠ (At that time the Canaanites were in the land.) 7 The Lord appeared to Abram and said, “To your descendants I will give this land.” So Abram built an altar there to the Lord, who had appeared to him.⁠ 8 Then he moved from there to the hill country east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east. There he built an altar to the Lord and worshiped the Lord. 9 Abram continually journeyed by stages down to the Negev.

Abram and Sarai in Egypt

10 There was a famine in the land, so Abram went down to Egypt to stay for a while because the famine was severe. 11 As he approached Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, “Look, I know that you are a beautiful woman. 12 When the Egyptians see you they will say, ‘This is his wife.’ Then they will kill me but will keep you alive.⁠ 13 So tell them you are my sister so that it may go well for me⁠ because of you and my life will be spared on account of you.”⁠ 14 When Abram entered Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful. 15 When Pharaoh’s officials saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh. So Abram’s wife was taken into the household of Pharaoh,⁠ 16 and he did treat Abram well on account of her. Abram received sheep and cattle, male donkeys, male servants, female servants, female donkeys, and camels. 17 But the Lord struck Pharaoh and his household with severe plagues45⁠ because of Sarai, Abram’s wife. 18 So Pharaoh summoned Abram and said, “What is this you have done to me? Why didn’t you tell me that she was your wife? 19 Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her to be my wife? Now, here is your wife. Take her and go!” 20 Pharaoh gave his men orders about Abram, and so they expelled him,⁠ along with his wife and all his possessions.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 12:17 and Exodus 11:1

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis 12 tells of Abraham and Sarah going to Egypt in a story that points ahead to the exodus. Pharaoh is struck with plagues and sends them away using the same language later used for Israel, showing the story was shaped to anticipate the exodus.

Passages

Genesis 12:17

Hebrew Bible
15 When Pharaoh’s officials saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh. So Abram’s wife was taken into the household of Pharaoh, 16 and he did treat Abram well on account of her. Abram received sheep and cattle, male donkeys, male servants, female servants, female donkeys, and camels. 17 But the Lord struck Pharaoh and his household with severe plagues45 because of Sarai, Abram’s wife. 18 So Pharaoh summoned Abram and said, “What is this you have done to me? Why didn’t you tell me that she was your wife?
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Exodus 11:1

Hebrew Bible
1 The Lord said to Moses, “I will bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt; after that he will release you from this place. When he releases you, he will drive you out completely from this place. 2 Instruct the people that each man and each woman is to request from his or her neighbor items of silver and gold.” 3 (Now the Lord granted the people favor with the Egyptians. Moreover, the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, respected by Pharaoh’s servants and by the Egyptian people.)
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

References

"... The ancestral story begins with the narrative of Abraham’s trek to Egypt, the danger to Sarah there, and the return to Canaan (Genesis 12:10–20). This narrative clearly evokes images of the Exodus event, and the vocabulary in the passage suggests that these associations are intentional: Pharaoh is struck (נגע) with plagues (verse 17), as in Exodus 11:1; he sends (שלח) Abraham and his entourage forth, echoing the key word in Exodus 5–11 (verse 20); even the commands to let Abraham and Moses go correspond to one another (קח ולך in Genesis 12:17 and קחו ולכו in Exodus 12:32). “In many respects, the episode is accordingly shaped as a prefiguration of the later exodus, as a piece of salvation history at the beginning of the history of Israel.” How one should evaluate this prefiguration is unclear at first glance. However, we can at least note that in diachronic terms Abraham does not prefigure Moses, but Moses is an epigone of Abraham ..."
Konrad Schmid, Genesis and the Moses Story: Israel's Dual Origins in the Hebrew Bible, trans. James D. Nogalski, Siphrut: Literature and Theology of the Hebrew Bible 3 (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2010), 57.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 12:17 and Exodus 11:1

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