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Ezekiel

About this book
Chapter 34

1 The Lord’s message came to me: 2 “Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel; prophesy, and say to them—to the shepherds: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Woe to the shepherds of Israel who have been feeding themselves!⁠ Should not shepherds feed the flock?⁠ 3 You eat the fat, you clothe yourselves with the wool, you slaughter the choice animals, but you do not feed the sheep! 4 You have not strengthened the weak, healed the sick, bandaged the injured, brought back the strays, or sought the lost, but with force and harshness you have ruled over them. 5 They were scattered because they had no shepherd, and they became food for every wild beast.⁠ 6 My sheep wandered over all the mountains and on every high hill. My sheep were scattered over the entire face of the earth with no one looking or searching for them. 7 “‘Therefore, you shepherds, listen to the Lord’s message: 8 As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, my sheep have become prey and have become food for all the wild beasts. There was no shepherd, and my shepherds did not search for my flock, but fed themselves and did not feed my sheep. 9 Therefore, you shepherds, listen to the Lord’s message. 10 This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look, I am against the shepherds, and I will demand my sheep from their hand. I will no longer let them be shepherds; the shepherds will not feed themselves anymore. I will rescue my sheep from their mouths, so that they will no longer be food for them. 11 “‘For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look, I myself will search for my sheep and seek them out.⁠ 12 As a shepherd seeks out his flock when he is among his scattered sheep, so I will seek out my flock. I will rescue them from all the places where they have been scattered on a cloudy, dark day. 13 I will bring them out from among the peoples and gather them from foreign countries; I will bring them to their own land. I will feed them on the mountains of Israel, by the streams and all the inhabited places of the land. 14 In a good pasture I will feed them; the mountain heights of Israel will be their pasture. There they will lie down in a lush pasture,⁠ and they will feed on rich grass on the mountains of Israel. 15 I myself will feed my sheep and I myself will make them lie down, declares the Sovereign Lord. 16 I will seek the lost and bring back the strays; I will bandage the injured and strengthen the sick, but the fat and the strong I will destroy. I will feed them—with judgment! 17 “‘As for you, my sheep, this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to judge between one sheep and another, between rams and goats.⁠ 18 Is it not enough for you to feed on the good pasture that you must trample the rest of your pastures with your feet? When you drink clean water, must you muddy the rest of the water by trampling it with your feet? 19 As for my sheep, they must eat what you trampled with your feet and drink what you have muddied with your feet! 20 “‘Therefore, this is what the Sovereign Lord says to them: Look, I myself will judge between the fat sheep and the lean sheep. 21 Because you push with your side and your shoulder, and thrust your horns at all the weak sheep until you scatter them abroad, 22 I will save my sheep; they will no longer be prey. I will judge between one sheep and another. 23 “‘I will set one shepherd over them, and he will feed them—namely, my servant David. He will feed them and will be their shepherd.⁠ 24 I, the Lord, will be their God, and my servant David will be prince among them; I, the Lord, have spoken! 25 “‘I will make a covenant of peace with them and will rid the land of wild beasts, so that they can live securely in the wilderness and even sleep in the woods.⁠ 26 I will turn them and the regions around my hill into a blessing. I will make showers come down in their season; they will be showers that bring blessing. 27 The trees of the field will yield their fruit and the earth will yield its crops. They will live securely on their land; they will know that I am the Lord, when I break the bars of their yoke and rescue them from the hand of those who enslaved them. 28 They will no longer be prey for the nations, and the wild beasts will not devour them. They will live securely, and no one will make them afraid.⁠ 29 I will prepare for them a healthy planting. They will no longer be victims of famine in the land and will no longer bear the insults of the nations. 30 Then they will know that I, the Lord their God, am with them and that they are my people,⁠ the house of Israel, declares the Sovereign Lord. 31 And you, my sheep, the sheep of my pasture, are my people, and I am your God, declares the Sovereign Lord.’”

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Samuel 7:10 and Ezekiel 34:28

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Ezekiel 34 takes language from the Davidic covenant in 2 Samuel 7, especially the promise that Israel will live securely and not be disturbed, and reshapes it into a future vision of national restoration.

Passages

2 Samuel 7:10

Hebrew Bible
8 “So now, say this to my servant David, ‘This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: I took you from the pasture and from your work as a shepherd to make you leader of my people Israel. 9 I was with you wherever you went, and I defeated all your enemies before you. Now I will make you as famous as the great men of the earth. 10 I will establish a place for my people Israel and settle them there; they will live there and not be disturbed anymore. Violent men will not oppress them again, as they did in the beginning 11 and during the time when I appointed judges to lead my people Israel. Instead, I will give you relief from all your enemies. The Lord declares to you that he himself will build a dynastic house for you.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Samuel

Ezekiel 34:28

Hebrew Bible
25 “‘I will make a covenant of peace with them and will rid the land of wild beasts, so that they can live securely in the wilderness and even sleep in the woods. 26 I will turn them and the regions around my hill into a blessing. I will make showers come down in their season; they will be showers that bring blessing. 27 The trees of the field will yield their fruit and the earth will yield its crops. They will live securely on their land; they will know that I am the Lord, when I break the bars of their yoke and rescue them from the hand of those who enslaved them. 28 They will no longer be prey for the nations, and the wild beasts will not devour them. They will live securely, and no one will make them afraid. 29 I will prepare for them a healthy planting. They will no longer be victims of famine in the land and will no longer bear the insults of the nations.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

References

"... Davidic Covenant is an important theme in the Old Testament. The first occurrence of this theme is in 2 Samuel 7:1–16. Since “no text is an island”, David appears again in the text of Ezekiel 34:23–31 as the promised ruler in a restored Israel. The divine restoration that God promises to his people putting the Davidic King at the center of God’s plan suggests the dependency of the text of Ezekiel on that of Samuel. The influence of the text of 2 Samuel 7 on that of Ezekiel 34 cannot be established based on isolated single or individual elements. However, the discussion in this paper shows that the two texts have numerous affinities, including literary, theological, and conceptual aspects. The text of Ezekiel emphasizes that the promise of restoration will come to realization under the leadership of the future ruler, David. The connections between Ezekiel 34:23–31 and 2 Samuel 7:1–16 are clear to the point that we might suggest that the text of 2 Samuel 7:1–16 had influence on the text of Ezekiel 34:23–31 ..."
Victor Lonu Budha, “The Davidic Covenant in Ezekiel 34:23–31: Influence of 2 Samuel 7:1–16,” European Journal of Literature, Language and Linguistics Studies 4.3 (2020): 140–164.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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2 Samuel 7:10 and Ezekiel 34:28

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